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Aristolochiaceae Juss. Gen. Pl. 72–73. 1789. (4 Aug 1789) [wfo-7000000048]synonym Lactoridaceae Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 19. 1888. (27 Jan 1888) [wfo-7000000317] Aristolochioideae Link Handbuch 1: 369. (1829) [wfo-4100006195]synonym Cardiolochia Raf. ex Rchb. Consp. Regn. Veg. : 85 (1828) [wfo-1200093870] synonym Dasyphonion Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13. 1824. [wfo-4000010835] synonym Dictyanthes Raf. Gard. Mag. (London) 8: 247 (1832) [wfo-4000011562] synonym Duchartrella Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 563 (1891) [wfo-4000012692] synonym Einomeria Rchb. Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch : 68 (1841) [wfo-4000044864] synonym Guaco Liebm. Förh. Skand. Naturf. Möte 1844: 203 (1847) [wfo-4000016286] synonym Isotrema Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 195 (1819) [wfo-4000019346] synonym Pararistolochia Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 75 (1927) [wfo-4000028138] synonym Pistolochia (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-4000029893] A. acontophylla Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 19 (1970) [wfo-0000547500] A. acuminata Lam. Encycl. 1: 254 (1783) [wfo-0000547501]synonym Aristolochia anguicida Sieber ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000547516] synonym Aristolochia angulosa Wall. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 480 (1864) [wfo-0000547520] synonym Aristolochia eschscholtzii Ledeb. ex Duchesne Prodr. 15(1): 481 (1864) [wfo-0000547774] synonym Aristolochia japonica Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 136 (1865) [wfo-0000547920] synonym Aristolochia longifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 490 (1832) [wfo-0000548002]homotypic Aristolochia moluccana Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 438 (1864) [wfo-0000548088] synonym Aristolochia megalophylla K.Schum. Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land : 104 (1889) [wfo-0000548062] synonym Aristolochia mindanaensis Warb. Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 1: 169 (1904) [wfo-0000548080] synonym Aristolochia moluccana Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 438 (1864) [wfo-0000548088]basionym Aristolochia longifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 490 (1832) [wfo-0000548002] synonym Aristolochia nervosa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 480 (1864) [wfo-0000548110] synonym Aristolochia roxburghiana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 596 (1859) [wfo-0000548281] synonym Aristolochia roxburghiana var. angustifolia Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 480 (1864) [wfo-1200093872] synonym Aristolochia sessiflora DC. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 480 (1864) [wfo-0000548335] synonym Aristolochia subsagittata Blanco Fl. Filip. : 283 (1837) [wfo-0000548374] synonym Aristolochia tagala Cham. Linnaea 7: 207 (1832) [wfo-0000548379] synonym Aristolochia timorensis Decne. Herb. Timor. : 41 (1834) [wfo-0000548402] A. acutifolia Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 54 (1854) [wfo-0000547502]synonym Aristolochia egensis Poepp. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 465 (1864) [wfo-0000547758] A. adalica Tosunoğlu & Malyer Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 162 (2014) [wfo-0001339828] A. adiastola G.A.Romero & Elad.Fernández Phytotaxa 420: 3 (2019) [wfo-1000020487] A. albida Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 75 (1854) [wfo-0000547505]synonym Aristolochia aethiopica Welw. Apont. : 548 (1859) [wfo-0000547503] synonym Aristolochia angulata Bojer ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 497 (1864) [wfo-0000547517] synonym Aristolochia aurita Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 482 (1864) [wfo-0000547549] synonym Aristolochia bainesii Burtt Davy Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 231 (1924) [wfo-0000547557] synonym Aristolochia bernieri Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 482 (1864) [wfo-0000547571] synonym Aristolochia bongoensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 488 (1898) [wfo-0000547588] synonym Aristolochia densivenia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 489 (1898) [wfo-0000547735] synonym Aristolochia dewevrei De Wild. & T.Durand Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, Compt. Rend. 38: 46 (1899) [wfo-0000547736] synonym Aristolochia kirkii Baker Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 139 (1909) [wfo-0000547945] synonym Aristolochia ledermannii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 412 (1911) [wfo-0000547964] synonym Aristolochia multiflora Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 73 (1854) [wfo-0000548097] synonym Aristolochia petersiana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 599 (1859) [wfo-0000548195] synonym Aristolochia truncata Peter Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 17 (1932) [wfo-0000548434] A. albopilosa M.González, S.González & Barrie Phytotaxa 286(4): 297 (2016) [wfo-0001347617]basionym Aristolochia cordata Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 603 (1909) [wfo-0000547692] synonym Aristolochia cordata Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 603 (1909) [wfo-0000547692]homotypic Aristolochia albopilosa M.González, S.González & Barrie Phytotaxa 286(4): 297 (2016) [wfo-0001347617] A. alexandriana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 50 (2014) [wfo-0001339845]basionym Pararistolochia alexandriana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 218 (1996) [wfo-0000392650] synonym Pararistolochia alexandriana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 218 (1996) [wfo-0000392650]homotypic Aristolochia alexandriana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 50 (2014) [wfo-0001339845] A. altanii İlçim & Behçet Turkish J. Bot. 39: 836 (2015) [wfo-1000061284] A. amara (Aubl.) Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 344 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547509]basionym Abuta amara Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 620 (1775) [wfo-0000511623] homotypic Menispermum amarum (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 826 (1806) [wfo-0000450476] synonym Abuta amara Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 620 (1775) [wfo-0000511623]homotypic Aristolochia amara (Aubl.) Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 344 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547509] homotypic Menispermum amarum (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 826 (1806) [wfo-0000450476] synonym Menispermum amarum (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 826 (1806) [wfo-0000450476]basionym Abuta amara Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 620 (1775) [wfo-0000511623] homotypic Aristolochia amara (Aubl.) Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 344 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547509] A. andina F.González & I.G.Vargas Kew Bull. 55: 911 (2000) [wfo-0000547514] A. anguicida Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000547515]homotypic Howardia anguicida (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001093252] synonym Aristolochia loriflora Mast. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 8: 220 (1887) [wfo-0000548012] synonym Aristolochia mexicana Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 157 (1805) [wfo-0000548071] synonym Aristolochia pavoniana Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 54 (1854) [wfo-0000548179] synonym Howardia anguicida (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001093252]basionym Aristolochia anguicida Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000547515] A. angustifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547521]homotypic Pistolochia angustifolia (Cham.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-1000061268] synonym Aristolochia angustifolia var. guaranitica A.Cunn. Opera Lilloana 16: 114 (1967) [wfo-0000738221] synonym Aristolochia angustifolia var. longifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547524]homotypic Aristolochia longifolia (Cham.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 61 (1923) [wfo-0000548007] synonym Aristolochia longifolia (Cham.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 61 (1923) [wfo-0000548007]basionym Aristolochia angustifolia var. longifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547524] synonym Howardia brevifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265393]basionym Aristolochia angustifolia var. brevifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547523] homotypic Aristolochia brevifolia (Cham.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 325 (1923) [wfo-0000547601] synonym Howardia longifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265392] synonym Pistolochia angustifolia (Cham.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-1000061268]basionym Aristolochia angustifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547521] A. annamensis T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis Phytotaxa 220: 70 (2015) [wfo-1000061285]homotypic Isotrema annamense (T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032764] synonym Isotrema annamense (T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032764]basionym Aristolochia annamensis T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis Phytotaxa 220: 70 (2015) [wfo-1000061285] A. apoloensis Rusby Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 502 (1910) [wfo-0000547528] A. arborea Linden Cat. Pl. Exot. 13: 6 (1858) [wfo-0000547531]homotypic Isotrema arboreum (Linden) Eb.Fisch. Syllabus (ed. 13) 4: 154 (2015) [wfo-0001344442] synonym Isotrema arboreum (Linden) Eb.Fisch. Syllabus (ed. 13) 4: 154 (2015) [wfo-0001344442]basionym Aristolochia arborea Linden Cat. Pl. Exot. 13: 6 (1858) [wfo-0000547531] A. argentina Griseb. Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 156 (1874) [wfo-0000547536]synonym Aristolochia parviflora Griseb. Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 148 (1879) [wfo-0000548173] A. asclepiadifolia Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 178 (1915) [wfo-0000547541]homotypic Isotrema asclepiadifolium (Brandegee) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032765] synonym Isotrema asclepiadifolium (Brandegee) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032765]basionym Aristolochia asclepiadifolia Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 178 (1915) [wfo-0000547541] A. asperifolia Ule ex Pilg. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 121 (1905) [wfo-0000547542] A. assamica D.Borah & T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56: 254 (2019) [wfo-1000020488] A. assisii J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González Phytotaxa 163: 263 (2014) [wfo-0001318069] A. atropurpurea C.S.P.Parish ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 76 (1886) [wfo-0000547544] A. auricularia Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 49 (1844) [wfo-0000547548]synonym Aristolochia rechingeriana Kit Tan & Sorger Pl. Syst. Evol. 155: 101 (1987) [wfo-0000548254] A. australopithecurus (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 50 (2014) [wfo-0001339846]basionym Pararistolochia australopithecurus Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 227 (1996) [wfo-0000392649] synonym Pararistolochia australopithecurus Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 227 (1996) [wfo-0000392649]homotypic Aristolochia australopithecurus (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 50 (2014) [wfo-0001339846] A. austrochinensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 293 (1989) [wfo-0000547550] A. austroszechuanica C.P.Tsien & C.Y.Cheng ex C.Y.Cheng & J.L.Wu J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 221 (1987) [wfo-0000547552]homotypic Isotrema austroszechuanicum (C.P.Tsien & C.Y.Cheng ex C.Y.Cheng & J.L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032766] synonym Isotrema austroszechuanicum (C.P.Tsien & C.Y.Cheng ex C.Y.Cheng & J.L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032766]basionym Aristolochia austroszechuanica C.P.Tsien & C.Y.Cheng ex C.Y.Cheng & J.L.Wu J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 221 (1987) [wfo-0000547552] A. austroyunnanensis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 228 (1981) [wfo-0000547553]homotypic Isotrema austroyunnanense (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032767] synonym Isotrema austroyunnanense (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032767]basionym Aristolochia austroyunnanensis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 228 (1981) [wfo-0000547553] A. baenzigeri B.Hansen & Phuph. Nordic J. Bot. 19: 575 (1999) [wfo-0000547554]homotypic Isotrema baenzigeri (B.Hansen & Phuph.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032768] synonym Isotrema baenzigeri (B.Hansen & Phuph.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032768]basionym Aristolochia baenzigeri B.Hansen & Phuph. Nordic J. Bot. 19: 575 (1999) [wfo-0000547554] A. baetica L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000547555]synonym Aristolochia baetica var. bicolor Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 37 (1929) [wfo-1200093876] synonym Aristolochia baetica var. glauca Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 789 (1890) [wfo-1200093877]basionym Aristolochia glauca Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: t. 250 (1799) [wfo-0000547836] synonym Aristolochia glauca Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 215 (1796) [wfo-0000547835] synonym Aristolochia glauca Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: t. 250 (1799) [wfo-0000547836]homotypic Aristolochia baetica var. glauca Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 789 (1890) [wfo-1200093877] synonym Aristolochia subglauca Lam. Encycl. 1: 257 (1783) [wfo-0000548373] A. balansae Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 311 (1898) [wfo-0000547558]homotypic Isotrema balansae (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032769] synonym Isotrema balansae (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032769]basionym Aristolochia balansae Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 311 (1898) [wfo-0000547558] A. bambusifolia C.F.Liang ex H.Q.Wen Guihaia 12: 217 (1992) [wfo-0000547560]homotypic Isotrema bambusifolium (C.F.Liang ex H.Q.Wen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032770] synonym Isotrema bambusifolium (C.F.Liang ex H.Q.Wen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032770]basionym Aristolochia bambusifolia C.F.Liang ex H.Q.Wen Guihaia 12: 217 (1992) [wfo-0000547560] A. baracoensis R.Rankin Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 10: 203 (1989) [wfo-0000547562] A. baseri Malyer & Erken Turkish J. Bot. 21: 381 (1997) [wfo-0000547567] A. batucensis Wiggins & Rollins Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 269 (1943) [wfo-0000547568] A. biakensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 51 (2014) [wfo-0001425508]basionym Pararistolochia biakensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 232 (1996) [wfo-0000392648] synonym Pararistolochia biakensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 232 (1996) [wfo-0000392648]homotypic Aristolochia biakensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 51 (2014) [wfo-0001425508] A. bianorii Sennen & Pau Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 11: 19 (1911) [wfo-0000547574]synonym Aristolochia balearica Knoche Fl. Baléar. 1: 427 (1921) [wfo-0000547559] A. bicolor Ule ex Pilg. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 124 (1905) [wfo-0000547575]synonym Aristolochia argentea Ule ex O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 298 (1927) [wfo-0000547535] A. bidoupensis T.V.Do Nordic J. Bot. 34: 513 (2016) [wfo-0001346973]homotypic Isotrema bidoupense (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032771] synonym Isotrema bidoupense (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032771]basionym Aristolochia bidoupensis T.V.Do Nordic J. Bot. 34: 513 (2016) [wfo-0001346973] A. bilabiata L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1361 (1763) [wfo-0000547577]homotypic Howardia bilabiata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001265378] synonym Aristolochia chasmema Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 168 (1966) [wfo-0000547652] synonym Howardia bilabiata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001265378]basionym Aristolochia bilabiata L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1361 (1763) [wfo-0000547577] A. billardieri Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 175 (1844) [wfo-0000547578] A. bilobata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000547580]homotypic Howardia bilobata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001265400] synonym Aristolochia mirandae L.Marión Moscosoa 13: 18 (2002 publ. 2003) [wfo-0001040598] synonym Howardia bilobata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001265400]basionym Aristolochia bilobata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000547580] A. binhthuanensis T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56: 242 (2019) [wfo-1000020489] A. birostris Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 60 (1854) [wfo-0000547581]synonym Aristolochia allemanii Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 15 (1925) [wfo-0000547506] A. bodamae Dingler Flora 66: 301 (1883) [wfo-0000547584]synonym Aristolochia samsunensis P.H.Davis Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 68 (1964) [wfo-0000548301] synonym Aristolochia zonguldakensis Yıld. Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 17: 20 (2010) [wfo-0000748632] A. boliviensis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 271 (1898) [wfo-0000547586] A. bonettiana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero Phytotaxa 420: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000020490] A. bottae Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 173 (1844) [wfo-0000547591]homotypic Aristolochia maurorum subsp. bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Bornm. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 199 (1915) [wfo-1200093892] synonym Aristolochia maurorum subsp. bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Bornm. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 199 (1915) [wfo-1200093892]basionym Aristolochia bottae Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 173 (1844) [wfo-0000547591] synonym Aristolochia maurorum var. latifolia Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1080 (1879) [wfo-0000548052] A. brachylimba F.González, Pabón-Mora & L.Valenz. Darwiniana n.s., 11(1): 350 2023 [wfo-1000057802] A. bracteolata Lam. Encycl. 1: 258 (1783) [wfo-0000547595]synonym Aristolochia abyssinica Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 598 (1859) [wfo-0000547499] synonym Aristolochia benadiriana Fiori Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 135 (1912) [wfo-0001285680] synonym Aristolochia benadiriana var. longilabia Chiov. Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. : 153 (1916) [wfo-1200093883] synonym Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Observ. Bot. 5: 29 (1788) [wfo-0000547593] synonym Aristolochia bracteata var. altissima N.Terracc. Ann. Bot. (Rome) 5: 99 (1894 publ. 1893) [wfo-1200093885] synonym Aristolochia bracteata var. integrifolia Beck Harrar Leipzig, App. : 462 (1888) [wfo-1200093884] synonym Aristolochia crenata Ehrenb. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 478 (1864) [wfo-0000547704] synonym Aristolochia kotschyi Hochst. ex A.Rich. in A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. ii. 237. [wfo-0000547948] synonym Aristolochia mauritiana Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 527 (1807) [wfo-0000548048] synonym Aristolochia maurorum Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 598 (1859) [wfo-0000548051] synonym Aristolochia sempervirens Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 156 (1775) [wfo-0000548323] A. bracteosa Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 37 (1854) [wfo-0000547596]synonym Aristolochia rotunda Bové ex Duch. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(1): 487. 1864 [early May 1864] [wfo-0000548278] synonym Aristolochia rotunda Moc. & Sessé ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 442 (1864) [wfo-1000061274] A. brevifolia (Cham.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 325 (1923) [wfo-0000547601]basionym Aristolochia angustifolia var. brevifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547523] homotypic Howardia brevifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265393] synonym Aristolochia angustifolia var. brevifolia Cham. Linnaea 7: 211 (1832) [wfo-0000547523]homotypic Aristolochia brevifolia (Cham.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 325 (1923) [wfo-0000547601] homotypic Howardia brevifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265393] A. brevilabris Bornm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 37 (1917) [wfo-0000547603]homotypic Aristolochia billardieri var. brevilabris (Bornm.) Zohoy Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 2: 183 (1941) [wfo-0000547579] synonym Aristolochia billardieri var. brevilabris (Bornm.) Zohoy Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 2: 183 (1941) [wfo-0000547579]basionym Aristolochia brevilabris Bornm. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 37 (1917) [wfo-0000547603] A. brevipes Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 15 (1839) [wfo-0000547604]homotypic Einomeia brevipes (Benth.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 606 (1859) [wfo-0000663617] synonym Aristolochia subclausa S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 372 (1885) [wfo-0000548371] synonym Einomeia brevipes (Benth.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 606 (1859) [wfo-0000663617]basionym Aristolochia brevipes Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 15 (1839) [wfo-0000547604] A. bridgesii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 463 (1864) [wfo-0000547608]basionym Howardia bridgesii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265398] synonym Aristolochia pearcei Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 1861(1): 68 (1861) [wfo-0000548180] synonym Howardia bridgesii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265398]homotypic Aristolochia bridgesii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 463 (1864) [wfo-0000547608] A. brunneomaculata I.S.Abreu & Giul. Sitientibus Sér. Ci. Biol. 16: 1 (2016) [wfo-0001318304] A. buchtienii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 292 (1930) [wfo-0000547610] A. bukuti Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 337 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547611] A. bullata Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 134 (1966) [wfo-0000547612]homotypic Isotrema bullatum (Pfeifer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032772] synonym Aristolochia kalebii Beutelsp. Lacandonia 1(1): 8 (2007) [wfo-0001286116] synonym Aristolochia petenensis Lundell Wrightia 4: 174 (1971) [wfo-0000548194] synonym Isotrema bullatum (Pfeifer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032772]basionym Aristolochia bullata Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 134 (1966) [wfo-0000547612] A. buntingii Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 45 (1970) [wfo-0000547613] A. burelae Herzog Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 2 (1931) [wfo-0000547615]synonym Aristolochia peltibractea Hoehne Monogr. Aristol. Bras. : 68 (1927) [wfo-0000548187] A. cabrerae Ahumada Folia Bot. Geobot. Correntesiana 2: 1, fig. 1 (1989) [wfo-0000547619] A. californica Torr. Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 128 (1857) [wfo-0000547621]homotypic Isotrema californicum (Torr.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001265426] synonym Isotrema californicum (Torr.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001265426]basionym Aristolochia californica Torr. Pacif. Railr. Rep. Whipple, Bot. 4(5; 4): 128 (1857) [wfo-0000547621] A. cambodiana Pierre ex Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 74 (1909) [wfo-0000547622]synonym Aristolochia dongnaiensis Pierre ex Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 75 (1909) [wfo-0000547750] synonym Aristolochia dongnaiensis var. hirsuta Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 76 (1909) [wfo-0000738180] synonym Aristolochia kerrii Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 450 (1911) [wfo-0000547943] A. cardiantha Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 21 (1970) [wfo-0000547628] A. carterae Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 178 (1966) [wfo-0000547630] A. castellanosii Ahumada Opera Lilloana 16: 120 (1968) [wfo-0000547631] A. cathcartii Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 77 (1886) [wfo-0000547632]homotypic Isotrema cathcartii (Hook.f.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032774] synonym Isotrema cathcartii (Hook.f.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032774]basionym Aristolochia cathcartii Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 77 (1886) [wfo-0000547632] A. caudata Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000547633]homotypic Howardia caudata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265410] synonym Howardia caudata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265410]basionym Aristolochia caudata Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000547633] A. caulialata C.Y.Wu ex C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 294 (1989) [wfo-0000547637]homotypic Isotrema caulialatum (C.Y.Wu ex C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032775] synonym Isotrema caulialatum (C.Y.Wu ex C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 8 (2019) [wfo-1000032775]basionym Aristolochia caulialata C.Y.Wu ex C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 294 (1989) [wfo-0000547637] A. cauliflora Ule Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 120 (1905) [wfo-0000547639] A. ceresensis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 271 (1898) [wfo-0000547640]synonym Aristolochia ceresensis var. joergensenii (Hauman) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 134 (1942) [wfo-0000547642]basionym Aristolochia joergensenii Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 61, 323 (1923) [wfo-0000547925] synonym Aristolochia joergensenii Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 61, 323 (1923) [wfo-0000547925]homotypic Aristolochia ceresensis var. joergensenii (Hauman) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 134 (1942) [wfo-0000547642] A. ceropegioides S.Moore J. Bot. 58: 269 (1920) [wfo-0000547644]homotypic Pararistolochia ceropegioides (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001093554] synonym Pararistolochia ceropegioides (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001093554]basionym Aristolochia ceropegioides S.Moore J. Bot. 58: 269 (1920) [wfo-0000547644] A. chalmersii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 73 (1932) [wfo-0000547646] A. chamissonis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 462 (1864) [wfo-0000547647]basionym Howardia chamissonis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0000725091] synonym Aristolochia chamissonis subsp. paulistana Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 138 (1927) [wfo-0000547648] synonym Aristolochia maxima Cham. Linnaea 7: 208 (1832) [wfo-0000548054] synonym Aristolochia refracta Burch. ex Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 93 (1875) [wfo-0000548256] synonym Howardia chamissonis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0000725091]homotypic Aristolochia chamissonis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 462 (1864) [wfo-0000547647] A. championii Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 47 (1940) [wfo-0000547650]basionym Aristolochia longifolia Champ. ex Benth. Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 116 (1854) [wfo-0000548003] synonym Aristolochia longifolia Champ. ex Benth. Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 116 (1854) [wfo-0000548003]homotypic Aristolochia championii Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 47 (1940) [wfo-0000547650] synonym Isotrema championii (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032776] A. chilensis Bridges ex Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 20: t. 1680 (1834) [wfo-0000547655]synonym Aristolochia setigera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0000548339] synonym Howardia setigera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0000725110] A. chiquitensis Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 49 (1854) [wfo-0000547656] A. chlamydophylla C.Y.Wu Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 223 (1981) [wfo-0000547657]synonym Aristolochia longeracemosa B.Hansen & Phuph. Nordic J. Bot. 19: 577 (1999) [wfo-0000548010] A. chrismuelleriana W.N.Takeuchi Phytotaxa 114: 53 (2013) [wfo-0001336437] A. chrysochlora Barb.Rodr. Vellosia 2: 23A (1885-1888 publ.1891) [wfo-0000547658] A. cilicica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 538 (1961) [wfo-0000547663] A. clavidenia C.Wright ex Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. : 115 (1866) [wfo-0000547669] A. clematitis L. Sp. Pl. : 962 (1753) [wfo-0000547670]synonym Aristolochia clematitis f. undulata Priszter Bot. Közlem. 59: 45 (1972) [wfo-0000547672] synonym Aristolochia infesta Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 215 (1796) [wfo-0000547911] synonym Aristolochia quadriflora Gueldenst. Reis. Russland 1: 421 (1787) [wfo-0000548249] synonym Aristolochia tenuis Houtt. Nat. Hist. (Houttuyn) 11. vi. 215 (1776) [wfo-0000548390] A. clementis Alain Revista Soc. Cub. Bot. 5: 80 (1948) [wfo-0000547673] A. coadunata Backer Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 2: 320 (1920) [wfo-0000547676]homotypic Isotrema coadunatum (Backer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032777] synonym Isotrema coadunatum (Backer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032777]basionym Aristolochia coadunata Backer Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 2: 320 (1920) [wfo-0000547676] A. coadunata var. bosschai Backer Trop. Natuur 8: 154 (1919) [wfo-1200012038] A. cochinchinensis T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 269 (2015) [wfo-1000061298] A. colimensis Santana Mich. Acta Bot. Mex. 58: 64 (2002) [wfo-0000547678] A. colombiana F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 90: 52 (2000) [wfo-0000547679] A. colossifolia Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 2: 171 (1952) [wfo-0000547680] A. compressicaulis Z.L.Yang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 359 (1989) [wfo-0000547681]homotypic Isotrema compressicaule (Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu & S.Liao Phytotaxa 513: 77 (2021) [wfo-1000027502] synonym Isotrema compressicaule (Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu & S.Liao Phytotaxa 513: 77 (2021) [wfo-1000027502]basionym Aristolochia compressicaulis Z.L.Yang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 359 (1989) [wfo-0000547681] A. consimilis Mast. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 7 (1906) [wfo-0000547687] A. constricta Griseb. Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 225 (1857) [wfo-0000547688]synonym Aristolochia macbrideana Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2): 438 (1937) [wfo-0000548019] synonym Aristolochia securidata Mast. Bot. Gaz. 33: 256 (1902) [wfo-0000548319] synonym Aristolochia sprucei Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 88 (1875) [wfo-0000548355] A. contorta Bunge Enum. Pl. China Bor. : 58 (1833) [wfo-0000547689]synonym Aristolochia nipponica Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 124 (1910) [wfo-0000548112] A. conversiae Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 47 (1970) [wfo-0000547690] A. cordiflora Mutis ex Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 149 (1817) [wfo-0000547693]synonym Aristolochia clypeata Linden & André Ill. Hort. 17: 4 (1870) [wfo-0000547675] synonym Aristolochia esoterica Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 159 (1966) [wfo-0000547775] synonym Aristolochia glaucescens Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 147 (1817) [wfo-0000547837]homotypic Howardia glaucescens (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001265401] synonym Aristolochia mariquitensis Mutis Diario Obs. Mutis 2: 61 (1983) [wfo-0000548042] synonym Aristolochia sylvicola Standl. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 5 (1925) [wfo-0000548377] synonym Howardia glaucescens (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001265401]basionym Aristolochia glaucescens Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 147 (1817) [wfo-0000547837] A. cordigera (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 455 (1864) [wfo-0000547695]basionym Howardia cordigera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 621 (1859) [wfo-0001265406] synonym Howardia cordigera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 621 (1859) [wfo-0001265406]homotypic Aristolochia cordigera (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 455 (1864) [wfo-0000547695] A. cornuta Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 97 (1875) [wfo-0000547697]synonym Aristolochia antennifera L.Uribe Caldasia 7: 35 (1955) [wfo-0000547526] synonym Aristolochia georgica R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 125 (1958) [wfo-0000547821] A. cortinata Reinecke Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 629 (1898) [wfo-0000547698] A. crassinervia O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 491 (1923) [wfo-0000547702] A. cremersii Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 339 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547703] A. cretica Lam. Encycl. 1: 225 (1783) [wfo-0000547706]homotypic Plagistra cretica (Lam.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000392736] synonym Plagistra cretica (Lam.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000392736]basionym Aristolochia cretica Lam. Encycl. 1: 225 (1783) [wfo-0000547706] A. cucurbitifolia Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 137 (1915) [wfo-0000547711]homotypic Isotrema cucurbitifolium (Hayata) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032778] synonym Isotrema cucurbitifolium (Hayata) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032778]basionym Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 137 (1915) [wfo-0000547711] A. cucurbitoides C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 15 (1975) [wfo-0000547712]homotypic Isotrema cucurbitoides (C.F.Liang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032779] synonym Isotrema cucurbitoides (C.F.Liang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032779]basionym Aristolochia cucurbitoides C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 15 (1975) [wfo-0000547712] A. curtisii King Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: 161 (1896) [wfo-0000547713] A. cymbifera Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547718]homotypic Aristolochia cymbifera var. genuina Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0001395670] homotypic Howardia cymbifera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 609 (1859) [wfo-0001265374] synonym Aristolochia abbreviata Mart. ex Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 109 (1875) [wfo-0000547498] synonym Aristolochia cymbifera var. abbreviata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0000547719] synonym Aristolochia cymbifera var. genuina Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0001395670]basionym Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547718] homotypic Howardia cymbifera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 609 (1859) [wfo-0001265374] synonym Aristolochia cymbifera var. labiosa (Ker Gawl.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0000547720]basionym Aristolochia labiosa Ker Gawl. Bot. Reg. 8: t. 689 (1823) [wfo-0000547956] synonym Aristolochia galeata Moritzi Syst. Verz. Java : 70 (1846) [wfo-0000547813] synonym Aristolochia grandiflora Gomes Observ. Bot.-Med. Nonnullis Bras. Pl. 2: 14 (1803) [wfo-1000070394]homotypic Aristolochia milhomens Mure Doctrine Ecole Rio de Janeiro Pathog. Brésil. : 315 (1849) [wfo-0001354110] synonym Aristolochia labiosa Ker Gawl. Bot. Reg. 8: t. 689 (1823) [wfo-0000547956]homotypic Aristolochia cymbifera var. labiosa (Ker Gawl.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0000547720] synonym Aristolochia milhomens Mure Doctrine Ecole Rio de Janeiro Pathog. Brésil. : 315 (1849) [wfo-0001354110]basionym Aristolochia grandiflora Gomes Observ. Bot.-Med. Nonnullis Bras. Pl. 2: 14 (1803) [wfo-1000070394] synonym Aristolochia orbiculata Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 96 (1831) [wfo-0000548145] synonym Dictyanthes labiosa Raf. Gard. Mag. (London) 8: 247 (1832) [wfo-0000646312] synonym Diglosselis cymbifera Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000647471] synonym Diglosselis latifolia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000647472] synonym Howardia brasiliensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 608 (1859) [wfo-0001265372]basionym Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 77 (1824) [wfo-0000547597] A. cynanchifolia Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 77 (1824) [wfo-0000547721]homotypic Howardia cynanchifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265390] synonym Howardia cynanchifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265390]basionym Aristolochia cynanchifolia Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 77 (1824) [wfo-0000547721] A. dabieshanensis C.Y.Cheng & W.Yu Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 110 (1992) [wfo-0000547722]homotypic Isotrema dabieshanense (C.Y.Cheng & W.Yu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032780] synonym Isotrema dabieshanense (C.Y.Cheng & W.Yu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032780]basionym Aristolochia dabieshanensis C.Y.Cheng & W.Yu Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 110 (1992) [wfo-0000547722] A. daemoninoxia Mast. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 6 (1906) [wfo-0000547723] A. davilae Calzada, J.G.Flores & O.Téllez Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 21: 143 (1997) [wfo-0000547727] A. debilis Siebold & Zucc. Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 197 (1846) [wfo-0000547728]synonym Aristolochia recurvilabra Hance J. Bot. 11: 75 (1873) [wfo-0000548255] synonym Aristolochia sinarum Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1859: 708 (1859) [wfo-0000548347] A. decandra Ding Hou Blumea 28: 343 (1983) [wfo-0000547729]homotypic Pararistolochia decandra (Ding Hou) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392635] synonym Pararistolochia decandra (Ding Hou) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392635]basionym Aristolochia decandra Ding Hou Blumea 28: 343 (1983) [wfo-0000547729] A. delavayi Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 315 (1898) [wfo-0000547731]synonym Aristolochia delavayi var. micrantha W.W.Sm. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 195 (1920) [wfo-0000738222] A. deltantha F.Muell. Fragm. 6: 179 (1868) [wfo-0000547732]homotypic Pararistolochia deltantha (F.Muell.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392645] synonym Pararistolochia deltantha (F.Muell.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392645]basionym Aristolochia deltantha F.Muell. Fragm. 6: 179 (1868) [wfo-0000547732] A. deltoidea Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 146 (1817) [wfo-0000547734]homotypic Howardia deltoidea Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001092966] synonym Aristolochia subcordata Willd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 468 (1864) [wfo-0000548372] synonym Howardia deltoidea Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 611 (1859) [wfo-0001092966]basionym Aristolochia deltoidea Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 146 (1817) [wfo-0000547734] A. dictyophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 152 (1948) [wfo-0000547740]homotypic Pararistolochia dictyophlebia (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392653] synonym Pararistolochia dictyophlebia (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392653]basionym Aristolochia dictyophlebia Merr. & L.M.Perry J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 152 (1948) [wfo-0000547740] A. didyma S.Moore J. Bot. 53: 7 (1915) [wfo-0000547741]synonym Aristolochia rodriguesii Hoehne Monogr. Aristol. Bras. : 76 (1927) [wfo-0000548274] A. dielsiana O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 490 (1923) [wfo-0000547742]homotypic Pararistolochia dielsiana (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392644] synonym Pararistolochia dielsiana (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392644]basionym Aristolochia dielsiana O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 490 (1923) [wfo-0000547742] A. dilatata N.E.Br. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 274 (1911) [wfo-0000547743]homotypic Isotrema dilatatum (N.E.Br.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032781] synonym Aristolochia gourigangaica N.C.Nair Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: 332 (1969) [wfo-0000547847] synonym Isotrema dilatatum (N.E.Br.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032781]basionym Aristolochia dilatata N.E.Br. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 274 (1911) [wfo-0000547743] A. dinghoui Favio González & O.Poncy Brittonia 51: 452 (1999) [wfo-0000547744] A. disticha Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 110 (1875) [wfo-0000547745]synonym Aristolochia setulosa A.A.M.Araújo Brittonia 65: 301 (2013) [wfo-1000061281] A. domingensis Ekman & O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 393 (1935) [wfo-0000547749] A. durangensis Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 89 (1970) [wfo-0000547754] A. echinata Barb.Rodr. Pl. Jard. Rio de Janeiro 5: 9 (1896) [wfo-0000547757] A. ehrenbergiana Cham. Linnaea 7: 210 (1832) [wfo-0000547761]homotypic Howardia ehrenbergiana (Cham.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265407] synonym Aristolochia brachyura Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 446 (1864) [wfo-0000547592] synonym Aristolochia caudata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 446 (1864) [wfo-0000547635] synonym Aristolochia punctata Balb. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 446 (1864) [wfo-0000548242] synonym Howardia ehrenbergiana (Cham.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265407]basionym Aristolochia ehrenbergiana Cham. Linnaea 7: 210 (1832) [wfo-0000547761] A. embergeri Nozeran & N.Hall Adansonia, n.s., 4: 101 (1964) [wfo-0000547768] A. emiliae Santana Mich. & Solís Acta Bot. Mex. 82: 8 (2008 (Jan 2008)) [wfo-0000508416] A. engleriana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 298 (1927) [wfo-0000547770]homotypic Pararistolochia engleriana (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392643] synonym Aristolochia ledermannii O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 489 (1923) [wfo-0000547965] synonym Pararistolochia engleriana (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392643]basionym Aristolochia engleriana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 298 (1927) [wfo-0000547770] A. erecta L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1362 (1763) [wfo-0000547771]synonym Aristolochia repens Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8. : n.° 12 (1768) [wfo-0000548260] A. eriantha Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 78 (1824) [wfo-0000547772]homotypic Howardia eriantha Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265389] synonym Howardia eriantha Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265389]basionym Aristolochia eriantha Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 78 (1824) [wfo-0000547772] A. esperanzae Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 272 (1898) [wfo-0000547776]A. esperanzae var. esperanzae Unknown [wfo-1200093897]synonym Aristolochia esperanzae f. minor Hassl. ex Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 70 (1942) [wfo-0001094456] synonym Aristolochia gibertii var. paulistana Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 119 (1927) [wfo-0001320832] synonym Aristolochia loefgrenii Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 1: 89 (1942) [wfo-0000547987] A. esperanzae var. longilabra Ahumeda Opera Lilloana 16: 129 (1967) [wfo-1200011233] A. fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow & S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 356 (1989) [wfo-0000547782]synonym Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow & S.M.Hwang Fl. China 5: 264 (2003) [wfo-1000061395]homotypic Isotrema fangchi X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032782] synonym Isotrema fangchi X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032782]basionym Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chow & S.M.Hwang Fl. China 5: 264 (2003) [wfo-1000061395] A. faucimaculata H.Zhang & C.K.Hsien Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 15(1): 13 (1984) [wfo-0001247971]homotypic Isotrema faucimaculatum (H.Zhang & C.K.Hsien) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032783] synonym Isotrema faucimaculatum (H.Zhang & C.K.Hsien) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032783]basionym Aristolochia faucimaculata H.Zhang & C.K.Hsien Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 15(1): 13 (1984) [wfo-0001247971] A. faviogonzalezii T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis Syst. Bot. 40: 672 (2015) [wfo-1000061291]homotypic Isotrema faviogonzalezii (T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032784] synonym Isotrema faviogonzalezii (T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032784]basionym Aristolochia faviogonzalezii T.V.Do, Wanke & Neinhuis Syst. Bot. 40: 672 (2015) [wfo-1000061291] A. feddei H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 287 (1913) [wfo-0000547785]homotypic Isotrema feddei (H.Lév.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032785] synonym Isotrema feddei (H.Lév.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032785]basionym Aristolochia feddei H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 287 (1913) [wfo-0000547785] A. filipendula Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 70 (1854) [wfo-0000547787] A. filipendulina Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 70 (1854) [wfo-1000070392]synonym Aristolochia ulei Taub. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 426 (1896) [wfo-0000548440] A. fimbriata Cham. Linnaea 7: 210 (1832) [wfo-0000547788]homotypic Howardia fimbriata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001132605] synonym Aristolochia bonplandii Ten. Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1842: 12 (1843) [wfo-0000547589] synonym Aristolochia ciliata Hook. Bot. Mag. 66: t. 3756 (1839) [wfo-0000547662] synonym Aristolochia ciliosa Benth. Botanist 2: t. 90 (1838) [wfo-0000547664] synonym Aristolochia insignis Verschaff. Gard. Chron. 1868: 349 (1868) [wfo-0000547913] synonym Howardia fimbriata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001132605]basionym Aristolochia fimbriata Cham. Linnaea 7: 210 (1832) [wfo-0000547788] A. flava Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 341 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547792] A. flexuosa Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 36 (1854) [wfo-0000547793] A. floribunda Lem. Ill. Hort. 15: t. 568 (1868) [wfo-0000547794]synonym Aristolochia juruana Ule Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 118 (1905) [wfo-0000547927] A. foetida Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 147 (1817) [wfo-0000547798]homotypic Howardia foetida (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001263338] synonym Aristolochia anguicida Pav. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 443 (1864) [wfo-1000061271] synonym Aristolochia longipes S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 448 (1887) [wfo-0000548009] synonym Aristolochia valentina Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 39 (1854) [wfo-0000548450] synonym Aristolochia velutina Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 39 (1854) [wfo-0000548452] synonym Howardia foetida (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0001263338]basionym Aristolochia foetida Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 147 (1817) [wfo-0000547798] A. fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. : 108 (1852) [wfo-0000547799]homotypic Aristolochia longa subsp. fontanesii (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547994] synonym Aristolochia atlantica Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 136 (1874) [wfo-0000547543]homotypic Aristolochia longa subsp. atlantica (Pomel) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547993] synonym Aristolochia fontanesii f. grandiflora (Duch.) Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 448 (1938) [wfo-1200093878]basionym Aristolochia rotunda var. grandiflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 488 (1864) [wfo-0000738189] synonym Aristolochia longa var. abbreviata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 486 (1864) [wfo-0000738186] synonym Aristolochia longa subsp. atlantica (Pomel) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547993]basionym Aristolochia atlantica Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 136 (1874) [wfo-0000547543] synonym Aristolochia longa var. djurjurae Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 314 (1931) [wfo-1200093879] synonym Aristolochia longa subsp. fontanesii (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547994]basionym Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. : 108 (1852) [wfo-0000547799] synonym Aristolochia longa var. multinervis (Pomel) Maire & Weiller Fl. Afrique N. 7: 220 (1961) [wfo-1200093881]basionym Aristolochia multinervis Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 137 (1874) [wfo-0000548098] synonym Aristolochia multinervis Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 137 (1874) [wfo-0000548098]homotypic Aristolochia longa var. multinervis (Pomel) Maire & Weiller Fl. Afrique N. 7: 220 (1961) [wfo-1200093881] synonym Aristolochia pallida Salzm. ex Ball J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 656 (1878) [wfo-0000548154] synonym Aristolochia rotunda var. grandiflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 488 (1864) [wfo-0000738189]homotypic Aristolochia fontanesii f. grandiflora (Duch.) Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 448 (1938) [wfo-1200093878] A. forrestiana J.S.Ma Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 321 (1989) [wfo-0000547802]homotypic Isotrema forrestianum (J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032786] synonym Isotrema forrestianum (J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032786]basionym Aristolochia forrestiana J.S.Ma Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 321 (1989) [wfo-0000547802] A. foveolata Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 13: 280 (1918) [wfo-0000547804]synonym Aristolochia kaoi T.S.Liu & M.J.Lai Fl. Taiwan 2: 573 (1976) [wfo-0000547940] A. fragrantissima Ruiz Mem. Bejuco : 46 (1805) [wfo-0000547805]homotypic Howardia fragrantissima Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001092998] synonym Aristolochia tiemanniae O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 55 (1938) [wfo-0000548399] synonym Howardia fragrantissima Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001092998]basionym Aristolochia fragrantissima Ruiz Mem. Bejuco : 46 (1805) [wfo-0000547805] A. fulvicoma Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 48 (1940) [wfo-0000547809]homotypic Hocquartia fulvicoma (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094597] homotypic Isotrema fulvicomum (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032787] synonym Hocquartia fulvicoma (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094597]basionym Aristolochia fulvicoma Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 48 (1940) [wfo-0000547809] homotypic Isotrema fulvicomum (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032787] synonym Isotrema fulvicomum (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032787]basionym Aristolochia fulvicoma Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 48 (1940) [wfo-0000547809] homotypic Hocquartia fulvicoma (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094597] A. gabonensis Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 51 (2014) [wfo-0001339847]basionym Pararistolochia fimbriata M.E.Leal & D.Nguema Fl. Gabon 42: 9 (2011) [wfo-0001332611] synonym Pararistolochia fimbriata M.E.Leal & D.Nguema Fl. Gabon 42: 9 (2011) [wfo-0001332611]homotypic Aristolochia gabonensis Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 51 (2014) [wfo-0001339847] A. gardneri Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 69 (1854) [wfo-0000547815] A. gaudichaudii Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 72 (1854) [wfo-0000547816] A. gehrtii Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 1: 45 (1939) [wfo-0000547817] A. geniculata E.Nardi Fl. Medit. 3: 228 (1993) [wfo-0000547819]synonym Aristolochia isaurica E.Nardi Fl. Medit. 3: 230 (1993) [wfo-0000547917] A. gentilis Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 314 (1898) [wfo-0000547820]synonym Aristolochia chuandianensis Z.L.Yang Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(1): 39 (1990) [wfo-0000547661] synonym Aristolochia gracillima Hemsl. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 143 (1901) [wfo-0000547850] A. gibertii Hook. Bot. Mag. 89: t. 5345 (1863) [wfo-0000547824]synonym Aristolochia cobra Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 61 (1899) [wfo-0000547677]homotypic Aristolochia esperanzae var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat [wfo-0001094368] homotypic Aristolochia gibertii var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 788 (1903) [wfo-0000547825] synonym Aristolochia esperanzae var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat [wfo-0001094368]basionym Aristolochia cobra Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 61 (1899) [wfo-0000547677] homotypic Aristolochia gibertii var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 788 (1903) [wfo-0000547825] synonym Aristolochia gibertii var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 788 (1903) [wfo-0000547825]basionym Aristolochia cobra Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 61 (1899) [wfo-0000547677] homotypic Aristolochia esperanzae var. cobra (Chodat) Chodat [wfo-0001094368] synonym Aristolochia gibertii var. paulistana Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 119, tab. 45. 1927 [wfo-0000547826] synonym Aristolochia ipemi Parodi Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 153 (1878) [wfo-0000547915] synonym Aristolochia warmingii var. angustilabia Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 63 (1923) [wfo-0000548464] A. gigantea Mart. & Zucc. Flora 7(1, Beil.): 139 (1824) [wfo-1000061272]synonym Aristolochia gigantea Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. (Martius) 1(3): 75, t. 48. 1824 [1 Oct 1824] [wfo-0000547827] synonym Howardia gigantea Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0001265376] A. ginzbergeri Ahumada Darwiniana 21: 78 (1977 publ. 1978) [wfo-0000547831] A. glaberrima Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000547832] A. glandulosa Scheidw. Hort. Belge 4: 395 (1837 publ. 1838) [wfo-0001425446]synonym Aristolochia glandulosa var. glabra Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 452 (1864) [wfo-0001376038]basionym Aristolochia macradenia Hook. Bot. Mag. 75: t. 4467 (1849) [wfo-0000548022] homotypic Howardia macradenia (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001263340] synonym Aristolochia macradenia Hook. Bot. Mag. 75: t. 4467 (1849) [wfo-0000548022]homotypic Aristolochia glandulosa var. glabra Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 452 (1864) [wfo-0001376038] homotypic Howardia macradenia (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001263340] synonym Howardia macradenia (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001263340]basionym Aristolochia macradenia Hook. Bot. Mag. 75: t. 4467 (1849) [wfo-0000548022] homotypic Aristolochia glandulosa var. glabra Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 452 (1864) [wfo-0001376038] A. glaucifolia Ridl. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 88 (1925) [wfo-0000547838] A. glossa Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 180 (1966) [wfo-0000547841] A. goldieana Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 185 (1865) [wfo-0000547842]homotypic Pararistolochia goldieana (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392641] synonym Pararistolochia goldieana (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392641]basionym Aristolochia goldieana Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 185 (1865) [wfo-0000547842] A. goliathiana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 212 (1996) [wfo-0000547843] A. gongchengensis Y.S.Huang, Y.D.Peng & C.R.Lin Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 397 (2015) [wfo-1000061295]homotypic Isotrema gongchengense (Y.S.Huang, Y.D.Peng & C.R.Lin) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032788] synonym Isotrema gongchengense (Y.S.Huang, Y.D.Peng & C.R.Lin) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 9 (2019) [wfo-1000032788]basionym Aristolochia gongchengensis Y.S.Huang, Y.D.Peng & C.R.Lin Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 397 (2015) [wfo-1000061295] A. goudotii Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 66 (1854) [wfo-0000547846]synonym Aristolochia cruenta Barringer Brittonia 35: 171 (1983) [wfo-0000547708] A. gracilifolia O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 490 (1923) [wfo-0000547848]homotypic Pararistolochia gracilifolia (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392640] synonym Pararistolochia gracilifolia (O.C.Schmidt) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392640]basionym Aristolochia gracilifolia O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 490 (1923) [wfo-0000547848] A. gracilipedunculata F.González Brittonia 63: 431 (2011) [wfo-0001318315] A. grandiflora Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 126 (1788) [wfo-0000547851]homotypic Howardia grandiflora (Sw.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0000745362] synonym Aristolochia foetens Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1824 (1836) [wfo-0000547797] synonym Aristolochia gigantea Hook. Bot. Mag. 72: t. 4221 (1846) [wfo-0000547828] synonym Aristolochia gigas Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 28: 51 (1842) [wfo-0000547829] synonym Aristolochia gigas var. sturtevantii S.Watson Gard. & Forest 4: 546 (1891) [wfo-0000547830]homotypic Aristolochia sturtevantii (S.Watson) Mottet Bon Jard. 139e: liv (1897) [wfo-1000035446] synonym Aristolochia gorgona M.A.Blanco Brittonia 54: 31 (2002) [wfo-0000547845] synonym Aristolochia grandiflora var. hookeri Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 473 (1864) [wfo-0000738182] synonym Aristolochia pichinchensis Pfeifer Selbyana 2: 29 (1977) [wfo-0000548200] synonym Aristolochia sturtevantii (S.Watson) Mottet Bon Jard. 139e: liv (1897) [wfo-1000035446]basionym Aristolochia gigas var. sturtevantii S.Watson Gard. & Forest 4: 546 (1891) [wfo-0000547830] synonym Howardia foetens Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 609 (1859) [wfo-0001093269] synonym Howardia grandiflora (Sw.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0000745362]basionym Aristolochia grandiflora Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 126 (1788) [wfo-0000547851] A. grandis Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 10 (1914) [wfo-0000547853]homotypic Isotrema grande (Craib) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032789] synonym Isotrema grande (Craib) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032789]basionym Aristolochia grandis Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 10 (1914) [wfo-0000547853] A. griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000547854]homotypic Isotrema griffithii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duch.) C.E.C.Fisch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 198 (1940) [wfo-0001272026] synonym Isotrema griffithii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duch.) C.E.C.Fisch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 198 (1940) [wfo-0001272026]basionym Aristolochia griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000547854] synonym Siphisia griffithii Klotzsch ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000431350] A. guadalajarana S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 448 (1887) [wfo-0000547856] A. guanacastensis J.E.Jiménez & M.A.Blanco Syst. Bot. 47(4): 916. 2022 [12 Dec 2022] [epublished] [wfo-1000044372] A. gueneri Malyer & Tosunoğlu Türk. Bitkileri List. : 889 (2012) [wfo-1000061282] A. guentheri O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 292 (1930) [wfo-0000547857] A. guianensis Poncy Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 10: 343 (1988 publ. 1989) [wfo-0000547858] A. guichardii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 67 (1964) [wfo-0000547859] A. gurinderi K.Ravik., U.L.Tiwari & N.Balach. Phytotaxa 172: 118 (2014) [wfo-0001340241] A. gypsicola Tosunoğlu & Malyer Türk. Bitkileri List. : 889 (2012) [wfo-0001334685] A. hainanensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 341 (1922) [wfo-0000547860]homotypic Hocquartia hainanensis (Merr.) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094598] homotypic Isotrema hainanense (Merr.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032790] synonym Hocquartia hainanensis (Merr.) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094598]basionym Aristolochia hainanensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 341 (1922) [wfo-0000547860] homotypic Isotrema hainanense (Merr.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032790] synonym Isotrema hainanense (Merr.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032790]basionym Aristolochia hainanensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 341 (1922) [wfo-0000547860] homotypic Hocquartia hainanensis (Merr.) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094598] A. hainanensis subsp. hainanensis Unknown [wfo-1200093898]synonym Aristolochia carinata Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 2: 219 (1935) [wfo-0000547629] A. hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 332: 273 (2017) [wfo-1200093889]homotypic Isotrema hainanense subsp. yingjiangense (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1200008942] synonym Isotrema hainanense subsp. yingjiangense (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1200008942]basionym Aristolochia hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 332: 273 (2017) [wfo-1200093889] A. haitiensis Ekman & O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 101 (1929) [wfo-0000547861] A. hansenii Phuph. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 34: 179 (2006) [wfo-0000506402] A. harmandiana Pierre ex Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 75 (1909) [wfo-0000547862] A. heppii Merxm. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 197 (1953) [wfo-0000547873]synonym Aristolochia bracteata subsp. basitruncata Haum. in Fl. Congo Belge 1: 382 1948 [wfo-0000496405] synonym Aristolochia bracteata var. basitruncata Hauman Fl. Congo Belge 1: 382 (1948) [wfo-0001316013] A. heterophylla Hemsl. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 361 (1890) [wfo-0000547874]homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. heterophylla (Hemsl.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547929] homotypic Isotrema beterophylla (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 1923 [wfo-0000732833] homotypic Isotrema heterophyllum (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094602] synonym Aristolochia chrysops (Stapf) E.Wilson ex Rehder J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 574 (1941) [wfo-0000547659]basionym Isotrema chrysops Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094601] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi f. heterophylla (Hemsl.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547929]basionym Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 361 (1890) [wfo-0000547874] homotypic Isotrema beterophylla (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 1923 [wfo-0000732833] homotypic Isotrema heterophyllum (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094602] synonym Aristolochia setchuenensis Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 312 (1898) [wfo-0000548338] synonym Aristolochia setchuenensis var. holotricha Diels Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 310 (1900) [wfo-0000738194] synonym Isotrema chrysops Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094601]homotypic Aristolochia chrysops (Stapf) E.Wilson ex Rehder J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 574 (1941) [wfo-0000547659] synonym Isotrema heterophyllum (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094602]basionym Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 361 (1890) [wfo-0000547874] homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. heterophylla (Hemsl.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547929] homotypic Isotrema beterophylla (Hemsl.) Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 1923 [wfo-0000732833] synonym Isotrema lasiops Stapf Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923) [wfo-0001094603] A. hians Willd. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 100 (1809) [wfo-0000547875]homotypic Howardia hians (Willd.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 607 (1859) [wfo-0001265371] synonym Howardia hians (Willd.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 607 (1859) [wfo-0001265371]basionym Aristolochia hians Willd. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 100 (1809) [wfo-0000547875] A. hirta L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000547879]synonym Aristolochia hirsuta L. Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 601 (1767) [wfo-0000547878] synonym Aristolochia scabrida Boiss. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 494 (1864) [wfo-0000548303] synonym Aristolochia scabrida Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 104 [wfo-0001265363] A. hockii De Wild. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 509 (1913) [wfo-0000547885]A. hockii subsp. hockii Unknown [wfo-1200093899]synonym Aristolochia hirta Peter Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 17 (1932) [wfo-0000547881] synonym Aristolochia rhodesica R.E.Fr. Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp. 1911-1912, 1: 27 (1914) [wfo-0000548265] A. hockii subsp. tuberculata Verdc. Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Aristoloch.: 7 (1986) [wfo-0001365643] A. hoehneana O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 390 (1935) [wfo-0000547886] A. hohuanensis S.S.Ying Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5: 597 (1995) [wfo-0000741670]homotypic Isotrema hohuanense (S.S.Ying) C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Taiwania 67: 398 (2022) [wfo-1000041741] synonym Isotrema hohuanense (S.S.Ying) C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Taiwania 67: 398 (2022) [wfo-1000041741]basionym Aristolochia hohuanensis S.S.Ying Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5: 597 (1995) [wfo-0000741670] A. holostylis F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 88: 338 (1999) [wfo-0000547888]basionym Holostylis reniformis Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 33 (1854) [wfo-0001251958] homotypic Duchartrella reniformis (Duch.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 564 (1891) [wfo-0000657617] synonym Aristolochia campaniformis DC. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 432 (1864) [wfo-0000547623] synonym Aristolochia cucullata Pohl ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 432 (1864) [wfo-0000547710] synonym Duchartrella reniformis (Duch.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 564 (1891) [wfo-0000657617]basionym Holostylis reniformis Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 33 (1854) [wfo-0001251958] homotypic Aristolochia holostylis F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 88: 338 (1999) [wfo-0000547888] synonym Holostylis reniformis Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 33 (1854) [wfo-0001251958]homotypic Aristolochia holostylis F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 88: 338 (1999) [wfo-0000547888] homotypic Duchartrella reniformis (Duch.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 564 (1891) [wfo-0000657617] A. hondurensis J.E.Jiménez & M.A.Blanco Darwiniana n.s., 11(1): 32 2023 [wfo-1000057803] A. howii Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 46 (1940) [wfo-0000547891]homotypic Hocquartia howii (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094600] homotypic Isotrema howii (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032791] synonym Hocquartia howii (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094600]basionym Aristolochia howii Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 46 (1940) [wfo-0000547891] homotypic Isotrema howii (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032791] synonym Isotrema howii (Merr. & Chun) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032791]basionym Aristolochia howii Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 46 (1940) [wfo-0000547891] homotypic Hocquartia howii (Merr. & Chun) Migo J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 14: 334 1944 [wfo-0001094600] A. huanjiangensis Yan Liu & L.Wu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 413 (2013) [wfo-0001338150]homotypic Isotrema huanjiangense (Yan Liu & L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032792] synonym Isotrema huanjiangense (Yan Liu & L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032792]basionym Aristolochia huanjiangensis Yan Liu & L.Wu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 413 (2013) [wfo-0001338150] A. huebneriana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 133 (1936) [wfo-0000547893] A. hyperxantha X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 313: 69 (2017) [wfo-1000061297]homotypic Isotrema hyperxanthum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032793] synonym Isotrema hyperxanthum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032793]basionym Aristolochia hyperxantha X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 313: 69 (2017) [wfo-1000061297] A. hypoglauca Kuhlm. Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 45 (1936) [wfo-0000547900] A. hyrcana P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 525 (1961) [wfo-0000547901] A. iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1081 (1879) [wfo-0000547902]homotypic Aristolochia pontica var. iberica (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.) Woronow Exsicc. (Sched. Pl. Cauc.) 1906: n.° 85 (1906) [wfo-1200093875] synonym Aristolochia pontica var. iberica (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.) Woronow Exsicc. (Sched. Pl. Cauc.) 1906: n.° 85 (1906) [wfo-1200093875]basionym Aristolochia iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1081 (1879) [wfo-0000547902] synonym Aristolochia pontica var. parviflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 493 (1864) [wfo-0000548221] A. impressinervis C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 15 (1975) [wfo-0000547904] A. impudica J.F.Ortega Biótica 12: 213 (1987) [wfo-0000547905]homotypic Isotrema impudicum (J.F.Ortega) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032794] synonym Isotrema impudicum (J.F.Ortega) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032794]basionym Aristolochia impudica J.F.Ortega Biótica 12: 213 (1987) [wfo-0000547905] A. incisiloba Jongkind Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 60: 147 (1990) [wfo-0000547907]homotypic Pararistolochia incisiloba (Jongkind) M.E.Leal Fl. Gabon 42: 10 (2011) [wfo-0001332612] synonym Pararistolochia incisiloba (Jongkind) M.E.Leal Fl. Gabon 42: 10 (2011) [wfo-0001332612]basionym Aristolochia incisiloba Jongkind Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 60: 147 (1990) [wfo-0000547907] A. indica L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000547908]synonym Aristolochia indica var. lanceolata (Wight) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000738184]basionym Aristolochia lanceolata Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1858 (1852) [wfo-0000547958] synonym Aristolochia indica var. magna Benth. Fl. Austral. 6: 209 (1873) [wfo-0000547909] synonym Aristolochia indica var. oxyphylla Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000738185] synonym Aristolochia lanceolata Wight Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1858 (1852) [wfo-0000547958]homotypic Aristolochia indica var. lanceolata (Wight) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000738184] synonym Aristolochia maysorensis Fisch. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000548058] synonym Aristolochia pandurata Wall. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 479 (1864) [wfo-0000548160] A. inflata Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 145 (1817) [wfo-0000547912]homotypic Howardia inflata (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725101] synonym Aristolochia gibbosa Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 53 (1854) [wfo-0000547822] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 82 (1841) [wfo-0000548130]homotypic Howardia benthamii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001093259] synonym Aristolochia podocarpa Bertol. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 3: 140 (1840) [wfo-0000548213] synonym Aristolochia torta Willd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) [wfo-0000548405] synonym Howardia benthamii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001093259]basionym Aristolochia odoratissima Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 82 (1841) [wfo-0000548130] synonym Howardia inflata (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725101]basionym Aristolochia inflata Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 145 (1817) [wfo-0000547912] A. insolita J.Freitas & M.Peixoto Syst. Bot. 42: 169 (2017) [wfo-0001318316] A. involuta X.X.Zhu, Z.X.Ma & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 332: 269 (2017) [wfo-1000061296]homotypic Isotrema involutum (X.X.Zhu, Z.X.Ma & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032795] synonym Isotrema involutum (X.X.Zhu, Z.X.Ma & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032795]basionym Aristolochia involuta X.X.Zhu, Z.X.Ma & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 332: 269 (2017) [wfo-1000061296] A. iquitensis O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 196 (1927) [wfo-0000547916]synonym Aristolochia dodsonii Pfeifer Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93: 173 (1966) [wfo-0000547747] synonym Aristolochia macrophylla Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 68 (1854) [wfo-0000548027] A. islandica Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 72 (1970) [wfo-0000547918] A. jackii Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 141 (1840) [wfo-0000547919]basionym Aristolochia hastata Jack Malayan Misc. 2(7): 6 (1822) [wfo-0000547868] synonym Aristolochia hastata Jack Malayan Misc. 2(7): 6 (1822) [wfo-0000547868]homotypic Aristolochia jackii Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 141 (1840) [wfo-0000547919] synonym Aristolochia tripartita Backer Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 2: 322 (1920) [wfo-0000548428] synonym Aristolochia ungulifolia Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 494 (1875) [wfo-0000548442] A. jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.Q.Chen Novon 21: 287 (2011) [wfo-0000748776]homotypic Isotrema jianfenglingense (Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.Q.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032796] synonym Isotrema jianfenglingense (Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.Q.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 10 (2019) [wfo-1000032796]basionym Aristolochia jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.Q.Chen Novon 21: 287 (2011) [wfo-0000748776] A. jingiangensis H.Zhang & C.K.Hsieh Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 5(1): 12 (1984) [wfo-0000547923] A. kachinensis Ohi-Toma, Nob.Tanaka & J.Murata J. Jap. Bot. 96: 316 (2021) [wfo-1000025522] A. kaempferi Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000547928]homotypic Hocquartia kaempferi (Willd.) Nakai ex Honda Nom. Pl. Jap. : 508 (1939) [wfo-0000724149] homotypic Isotrema kaempferi (Willd.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0000732835] synonym Hocquartia kaempferi (Willd.) Nakai ex Honda Nom. Pl. Jap. : 508 (1939) [wfo-0000724149]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000547928] homotypic Isotrema kaempferi (Willd.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0000732835] synonym Isotrema kaempferi (Willd.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0000732835]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000547928] homotypic Hocquartia kaempferi (Willd.) Nakai ex Honda Nom. Pl. Jap. : 508 (1939) [wfo-0000724149] A. kaempferi var. kaempferi Unknown [wfo-1200093900]synonym Aristolochia kaempferi f. lineata (Duch.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547930]basionym Aristolochia lineata Duch. Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 284 (1854) [wfo-0000547979] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi var. longifolia Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 419 (1875) [wfo-0000547931]homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. longifolia (Franch. & Sav.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547933] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi f. longifolia (Franch. & Sav.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547933]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi var. longifolia Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 419 (1875) [wfo-0000547931] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi var. pallescens Nakai Rep. Veg. Isl. Shikashima : 38 (1927) [wfo-0000547935] synonym Aristolochia lineata Duch. Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 284 (1854) [wfo-0000547979]homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. lineata (Duch.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547930] A. kaempferi var. laevipes Watan.-Toma & Ohi-Toma Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 72: 283 (2021) [wfo-1200008075] A. kaempferi f. mirabilis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 231 (1981) [wfo-0000547934]homotypic Isotrema mirabile (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032806] synonym Isotrema mirabile (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032806]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi f. mirabilis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 231 (1981) [wfo-0000547934] A. kechangensis Y.D.Peng & L.Y.Yu Nordic J. Bot. 37(9)-e02456: 2 (2019) [wfo-1000020491]homotypic Isotrema kechangense (Y.D.Peng & L.Y.Yu) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023289] synonym Isotrema kechangense (Y.D.Peng & L.Y.Yu) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023289]basionym Aristolochia kechangensis Y.D.Peng & L.Y.Yu Nordic J. Bot. 37(9)-e02456: 2 (2019) [wfo-1000020491] A. kepara (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339848]basionym Pararistolochia kepara Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 219 (1996) [wfo-0000392639] synonym Pararistolochia kepara Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 219 (1996) [wfo-0000392639]homotypic Aristolochia kepara (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339848] A. keratuma F.González & Pabón-Mora Caldasia 39(1): 52 (2017) [wfo-1000061289] A. killipiana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 111 (1935) [wfo-0000547944] A. klossii Ridl. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 78 (1926) [wfo-0000547946] A. klugii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 66 (1932) [wfo-0000547947] A. kongkandae Phuph. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 34: 181 (2006) [wfo-0000506403] A. krausei P.H.Davis Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 444 (1980) [wfo-0000547949] A. krisagathra Sivar. & Pradeep Pl. Syst. Evol. 163: 31 (1989) [wfo-0000547950] A. krukoffii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 53 (1938) [wfo-0000547951] A. kunmingensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 296 (1989) [wfo-0000547952]homotypic Isotrema kunmingense (C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032797] synonym Isotrema kunmingense (C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032797]basionym Aristolochia kunmingensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 296 (1989) [wfo-0000547952] A. kwangsiensis Chun & F.C.How ex C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 12 (1975) [wfo-0000547954]homotypic Isotrema kwangsiense (Chun & F.C.How ex C.F.Liang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032798] synonym Isotrema kwangsiense (Chun & F.C.How ex C.F.Liang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032798]basionym Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun & F.C.How ex C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 12 (1975) [wfo-0000547954] A. labiata Willd. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 101 (1809) [wfo-0000547955]synonym Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 77 (1824) [wfo-0000547597]homotypic Howardia brasiliensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 608 (1859) [wfo-0001265372] synonym Aristolochia brasiliensis var. galeata (Mart.) Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 113 (1927) [wfo-0000547598]basionym Aristolochia galeata Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547811] homotypic Howardia galeata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 608 (1859) [wfo-0001265373] synonym Aristolochia brasiliensis var. macrophylla Duch. Man. Gen. Pl. Arbres Arbustes 4: 30 (1857) [wfo-0000547599] synonym Aristolochia brasiliensis var. parviflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 471 (1864) [wfo-0000547600] synonym Aristolochia galeata Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547811]homotypic Aristolochia brasiliensis var. galeata (Mart.) Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 113 (1927) [wfo-0000547598] homotypic Howardia galeata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 608 (1859) [wfo-0001265373] synonym Aristolochia macrorrhyncha Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 2: 96 (1947) [wfo-0000548029] synonym Aristolochia ornithocephala Hook. Bot. Mag. 70: t. 4120 (1844) [wfo-0000548146] synonym Aristolochia ringens Link & Otto Icon. Pl. Select. : 33 (1821) [wfo-0000548272] A. lagesiana Ule ex Pilg. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 119 (1905) [wfo-0000547957]synonym Aristolochia lagesiana var. intermedia Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 84 (1942) [wfo-0001395878] A. laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001425506]basionym Aristolochia deltantha var. laheyana F.M.Bailey Queensland Agric. J. 28: 199 (1912) [wfo-0000547733] homotypic Pararistolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392638] synonym Aristolochia deltantha var. laheyana F.M.Bailey Queensland Agric. J. 28: 199 (1912) [wfo-0000547733]homotypic Aristolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001425506] homotypic Pararistolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392638] synonym Pararistolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 206 (1996) [wfo-0000392638]basionym Aristolochia deltantha var. laheyana F.M.Bailey Queensland Agric. J. 28: 199 (1912) [wfo-0000547733] homotypic Aristolochia laheyana (F.M.Bailey) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001425506] A. lauterbachiana O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 488 (1923) [wfo-0000547961] A. ledongensis Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.J.Yang Novon 21: 285 (2011) [wfo-0000748781]homotypic Isotrema ledongense (Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.J.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032799] synonym Isotrema ledongense (Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.J.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032799]basionym Aristolochia ledongensis Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.J.Yang Novon 21: 285 (2011) [wfo-0000748781] A. leonensis Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 95 (1894) [wfo-0000547966]homotypic Pararistolochia leonensis (Mast.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001094608] synonym Pararistolochia leonensis (Mast.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001094608]basionym Aristolochia leonensis Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 95 (1894) [wfo-0000547966] A. leprieurii Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 451 (1864) [wfo-0000547967]synonym Aristolochia gabrielis Duch. ex Briq. Candollea 4: 351 (1931) [wfo-0000547810] synonym Aristolochia rubromarginata Fisch. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 451 (1864) [wfo-0000548282] synonym Aristolochia rufomarginata Lepr. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 451 (1864) [wfo-0000548283] A. leuconeura Linden Belgique Hort. 8: 165 (1858) [wfo-0000547969]synonym Aristolochia argyroneura Hoehne ex Uribe Caldasia 7: 160 (1955) [wfo-0000547537] synonym Aristolochia variegata Van Houtte Nursery Cat. (Louis van Houtte) 177: 92 (1878-1879 publ. 1878) [wfo-1000061299] synonym Aristolochia veraguensis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) [wfo-0000548454]basionym Howardia veraguensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 607 (1859) [wfo-0000725113] synonym Howardia veraguensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 607 (1859) [wfo-0000725113]homotypic Aristolochia veraguensis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) [wfo-0000548454] A. liangshanensis Z.L.Yang J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 30 (1988) [wfo-0000547971]homotypic Isotrema liangshanense (Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032800] synonym Isotrema liangshanense (Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032800]basionym Aristolochia liangshanensis Z.L.Yang J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 30 (1988) [wfo-0000547971] A. limai Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 1: 91 (1942) [wfo-0000547972] A. lindeniana Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 453 (1864) [wfo-0000547973]A. lindeniana var. bissei R.Rankin Stud. Bot. Univ. Salamanca 12: 244 (1994) [wfo-0000547975]homotypic Aristolochia lindeniana subsp. bissei (R.Rankin) R.Rankin Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022) [wfo-1200024059] synonym Aristolochia lindeniana subsp. bissei (R.Rankin) R.Rankin Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022) [wfo-1200024059]basionym Aristolochia lindeniana var. bissei R.Rankin Stud. Bot. Univ. Salamanca 12: 244 (1994) [wfo-0000547975] A. lindeniana var. lindeniana Unknown [wfo-1200093901]synonym Aristolochia lindeniana var. plagiophylla Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. : 115 (1866) [wfo-0000547976] A. lindneri A.Berger Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 129 (1927) [wfo-0000547977] A. linearifolia C.Wright ex Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. : 115 (1866) [wfo-0000547978]synonym Aristolochia stenophylla Urb. Symb. Antill. 3: 281 (1902) [wfo-0000548360] A. lingua Malme Ark. Bot. 1: 543 (1904) [wfo-0000547980]homotypic Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 135 (1942) [wfo-0000547643] homotypic Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) W.Hoehne [wfo-0001094323] synonym Aristolochia ceresensis var. acuminata Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 135 (1942) [wfo-0000547641]homotypic Aristolochia lingua var. acuminata (Hoehne) Ahumada Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 77 (1999) [wfo-0000547981] synonym Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 135 (1942) [wfo-0000547643]basionym Aristolochia lingua Malme Ark. Bot. 1: 543 (1904) [wfo-0000547980] homotypic Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) W.Hoehne [wfo-0001094323] synonym Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) W.Hoehne [wfo-0001094323]basionym Aristolochia lingua Malme Ark. Bot. 1: 543 (1904) [wfo-0000547980] homotypic Aristolochia ceresensis var. lingua (Malme) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 135 (1942) [wfo-0000547643] synonym Aristolochia lingua var. acuminata (Hoehne) Ahumada Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 77 (1999) [wfo-0000547981]basionym Aristolochia ceresensis var. acuminata Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 135 (1942) [wfo-0000547641] A. lingulata Ule ex Pilg. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 123 (1905) [wfo-0000547982]synonym Aristolochia lingulata var. parviflora Herzog Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 3 (1921) [wfo-0000547983] A. linnemannii Warb. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 301 (1891) [wfo-0000547984] A. littoralis Parodi Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 155 (1878) [wfo-0000547985]synonym Aristolochia elegans Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s., 24: 301, t. 61 (1885) [wfo-0000547763] synonym Aristolochia elegans var. hassleriana (Chodat) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000547764]basionym Aristolochia hassleriana Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 61 (1899) [wfo-0000547863] synonym Aristolochia hassleriana Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 61 (1899) [wfo-0000547863]homotypic Aristolochia elegans var. hassleriana (Chodat) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000547764] A. liukiuensis Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 27: 271 (1951) [wfo-0000547986]homotypic Isotrema liukiuense (Hatus.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032801] synonym Isotrema liukiuense (Hatus.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032801]basionym Aristolochia liukiuensis Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 27: 271 (1951) [wfo-0000547986] A. longiflora Engelm. & A.Gray Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 259 (1845) [wfo-0000548001] A. longissima M.A.Blanco, J.E.Jiménez & Aguilar Phytotaxa 520: 173 (2021) [wfo-1000025523] A. longlinensis Yan Liu & L.Wu Novon 23: 491 (2014 publ. 2015) [wfo-0001342884]homotypic Isotrema longlinense (Yan Liu & L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032802] synonym Isotrema longlinense (Yan Liu & L.Wu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032802]basionym Aristolochia longlinensis Yan Liu & L.Wu Novon 23: 491 (2014 publ. 2015) [wfo-0001342884] A. lorenae J.Freitas & F.González Syst. Bot. 44: 101 (2019) [wfo-1000020492] A. lozaniana F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 25: 226 (2001) [wfo-0000548013] A. lutea Desf. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 295 (1807) [wfo-0000548014]synonym Aristolochia attica Orph. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 487 (1864) [wfo-0000547545] synonym Aristolochia croatica Horvatić Přír. Istraž. Kral. Jugoslavije 18: 195 (1933) [wfo-0000547707] A. luzmariana Santana Mich. Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 3: 87 (1995 publ. 1997) [wfo-0000548016] A. lycica P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 538 (1961) [wfo-0000548018] A. macedonica Bornm. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 140: 106 (1928) [wfo-0000548020]basionym Aristolochia melanoglossa Bornm. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 195 (1923) [wfo-0000548064] synonym Aristolochia melanoglossa Bornm. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 195 (1923) [wfo-0000548064]homotypic Aristolochia macedonica Bornm. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 140: 106 (1928) [wfo-0000548020] A. macgregorii Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 174 (1910) [wfo-0000548021] A. macrocarpa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 497 (1864) [wfo-0000548023]homotypic Pararistolochia macrocarpa (Duch.) Poncy Adansonia, n.s., 17: 488 (1978) [wfo-0000392697] synonym Aristolochia flos-avis A.Chev. J. Bot. (Morot) 22: 129 (1909) [wfo-0000547795]homotypic Pararistolochia flos-avis (A.Chev.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392642] synonym Aristolochia soyauxiana Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1410 (1884) [wfo-0000548353]homotypic Pararistolochia macrocarpa var. soyauxiana (Oliv.) Poncy Adansonia, n.s., 17: 490 (1978) [wfo-0000392732] homotypic Pararistolochia soyauxiana (Oliv.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 23 (1928) [wfo-0000392712] synonym Aristolochia staudtii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 491 (1898) [wfo-0000548358]homotypic Pararistolochia staudtii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001093589] synonym Aristolochia tessmannii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 413 (1911) [wfo-0000548393] synonym Aristolochia tribrachiata S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 92 (1913) [wfo-0000548419]homotypic Pararistolochia tribrachiata (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001093606] synonym Pararistolochia flos-avis (A.Chev.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392642]basionym Aristolochia flos-avis A.Chev. J. Bot. (Morot) 22: 129 (1909) [wfo-0000547795] synonym Pararistolochia macrocarpa (Duch.) Poncy Adansonia, n.s., 17: 488 (1978) [wfo-0000392697]basionym Aristolochia macrocarpa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 497 (1864) [wfo-0000548023] synonym Pararistolochia macrocarpa var. soyauxiana (Oliv.) Poncy Adansonia, n.s., 17: 490 (1978) [wfo-0000392732]basionym Aristolochia soyauxiana Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1410 (1884) [wfo-0000548353] homotypic Pararistolochia soyauxiana (Oliv.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 23 (1928) [wfo-0000392712] synonym Pararistolochia soyauxiana (Oliv.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 23 (1928) [wfo-0000392712]basionym Aristolochia soyauxiana Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1410 (1884) [wfo-0000548353] homotypic Pararistolochia macrocarpa var. soyauxiana (Oliv.) Poncy Adansonia, n.s., 17: 490 (1978) [wfo-0000392732] synonym Pararistolochia staudtii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001093589]basionym Aristolochia staudtii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 491 (1898) [wfo-0000548358] synonym Pararistolochia tribrachiata (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001093606]basionym Aristolochia tribrachiata S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 92 (1913) [wfo-0000548419] A. macrophylla Lam. Encycl. 1: 255 (1783) [wfo-0000548026]homotypic Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265354] homotypic Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 12: 415 (1965) [wfo-0001093876] homotypic Siphisia macrophylla (Lam.) Asch. Fl. Brandenburg 1: 598 (1864) [wfo-0000431351] synonym Aristolochia arkasana Lodd. Nursery Cat. (Loddiges & Sons), ed. 14: 37 (1826) [wfo-0000547539] synonym Aristolochia durior Hill Veg. Syst. 16: 57 (1770) [wfo-0000547755]homotypic Isotrema durior (Hill) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-1200093871] homotypic Isotrema durius (Hill) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550. 1960 [wfo-0001265425] synonym Aristolochia frutescens Marshall Arbust. Amer. : 24 (1785) [wfo-0000547806] synonym Aristolochia grandifolia Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 215 (1796) [wfo-0000547852] synonym Aristolochia hitchcockii Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 232 (1919) [wfo-0000547884] synonym Aristolochia sipho L'Hér. Stirp. Nov. : 13 (1785) [wfo-0000548349]homotypic Isotrema sipho (L'Hér.) Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 195 (1819) [wfo-0001265353] homotypic Siphisia sipho (L'Hér.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 602 (1859) [wfo-1000061270] synonym Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265354]basionym Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Encycl. 1: 255 (1783) [wfo-0000548026] homotypic Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 12: 415 (1965) [wfo-0001093876] homotypic Siphisia macrophylla (Lam.) Asch. Fl. Brandenburg 1: 598 (1864) [wfo-0000431351] synonym Isotrema durius (Hill) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550. 1960 [wfo-0001265425]basionym Aristolochia durior Hill Veg. Syst. 16: 57 (1770) [wfo-0000547755] homotypic Isotrema durior (Hill) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-1200093871] synonym Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 12: 415 (1965) [wfo-0001093876]basionym Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Encycl. 1: 255 (1783) [wfo-0000548026] homotypic Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265354] homotypic Siphisia macrophylla (Lam.) Asch. Fl. Brandenburg 1: 598 (1864) [wfo-0000431351] synonym Isotrema sipho (L'Hér.) Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 195 (1819) [wfo-0001265353]basionym Aristolochia sipho L'Hér. Stirp. Nov. : 13 (1785) [wfo-0000548349] homotypic Siphisia sipho (L'Hér.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 602 (1859) [wfo-1000061270] synonym Siphisia macrophylla (Lam.) Asch. Fl. Brandenburg 1: 598 (1864) [wfo-0000431351]basionym Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Encycl. 1: 255 (1783) [wfo-0000548026] homotypic Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265354] homotypic Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 12: 415 (1965) [wfo-0001093876] synonym Siphisia sipho Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62. 1828 [wfo-0001265424]basionym Aristolochia sipho L'Hér. Stirp. Nov. : 13 (1785) [wfo-0000548349] homotypic Isotrema sipho (L'Hér.) Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 195 (1819) [wfo-0001265353] homotypic Siphisia sipho (L'Hér.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 602 (1859) [wfo-1000061270] synonym Siphisia sipho (L'Hér.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 602 (1859) [wfo-1000061270]basionym Aristolochia sipho L'Hér. Stirp. Nov. : 13 (1785) [wfo-0000548349] homotypic Isotrema sipho (L'Hér.) Raf. Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 195 (1819) [wfo-0001265353] A. macroura Gomes Observ. Bot.-Med. Nonnullis Bras. Pl. 2: 27, t. 4. 1803 [wfo-0001092308]homotypic Howardia macroura (Gomes) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001093295] synonym Aristolochia caudata Booth ex Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1453 (1831) [wfo-0000547634] synonym Aristolochia caudata Parodi Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 155 (1878) [wfo-0000547636] synonym Aristolochia macroura var. subtrifida Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 444 (1864) [wfo-0000548032] synonym Aristolochia tapetotricha Lem. Ill. Hort. 3: 22 (1856) [wfo-0000548384] synonym Howardia macroura (Gomes) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001093295]basionym Aristolochia macroura Gomes Observ. Bot.-Med. Nonnullis Bras. Pl. 2: 27, t. 4. 1803 [wfo-0001092308] A. macroura Ortega Mem. Math. Phis. Acad. Real Sci. Lisboa 3: 77 (1812) [wfo-0000548031]synonym Aristolochia trilobata Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1399 (1831) [wfo-0000548427] A. malacophylla Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 65 (1920) [wfo-0000548034]homotypic Isotrema malacophyllum (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032803] synonym Aristolochia mexiae Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 136 (1930) [wfo-0000548070] synonym Aristolochia sericea Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 81 (1841) [wfo-0000548328]homotypic Siphisia sericea Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001263345] synonym Isotrema malacophyllum (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032803]basionym Aristolochia malacophylla Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 65 (1920) [wfo-0000548034] synonym Siphisia sericea Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001263345]basionym Aristolochia sericea Benth. Pl. Hartw. : 81 (1841) [wfo-0000548328] A. malmeana Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 17 (1925) [wfo-0000548035]synonym Aristolochia esperanzae var. major Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 178 (1912) [wfo-0000547777] A. manantlanensis Santana Mich. Acta Bot. Mex. 79: 82 (2007) [wfo-0000506404] A. manaosensis Ahumada Darwiniana 21: 77 (1977 publ. 1978) [wfo-0000548036] A. mannii Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 186 (1865) [wfo-0000548037]homotypic Pararistolochia mannii (Hook.f.) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 159 (1952) [wfo-0000392670] synonym Aristolochia ju-ju S.Moore J. Bot. 58: 269 (1920) [wfo-0000547926]homotypic Pararistolochia ju-ju (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001094607] synonym Pararistolochia ju-ju (S.Moore) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0001094607]basionym Aristolochia ju-ju S.Moore J. Bot. 58: 269 (1920) [wfo-0000547926] synonym Pararistolochia mannii (Hook.f.) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 159 (1952) [wfo-0000392670]basionym Aristolochia mannii Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 186 (1865) [wfo-0000548037] A. manokwariensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339849]basionym Pararistolochia manokwariensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 220 (1996) [wfo-0000392722] synonym Pararistolochia manokwariensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 220 (1996) [wfo-0000392722]homotypic Aristolochia manokwariensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339849] A. manshuriensis Kom. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 112 (1904) [wfo-0000548038]homotypic Hocquartia manshuriensis (Kom.) Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 27 (1936) [wfo-0001093879] homotypic Isotrema manshuriense (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München iii. 550 (1960). [wfo-0000732836] homotypic Isotrema manshuriensis (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001245661] synonym Hocquartia manshuriensis (Kom.) Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 27 (1936) [wfo-0001093879]basionym Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 112 (1904) [wfo-0000548038] homotypic Isotrema manshuriense (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München iii. 550 (1960). [wfo-0000732836] homotypic Isotrema manshuriensis (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001245661] synonym Isotrema manshuriensis (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001245661]basionym Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 112 (1904) [wfo-0000548038] homotypic Hocquartia manshuriensis (Kom.) Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 27 (1936) [wfo-0001093879] homotypic Isotrema manshuriense (Kom.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München iii. 550 (1960). [wfo-0000732836] A. maranonensis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 296 (1927) [wfo-0000548040] A. marioniana Elad.Fernández & G.A.Romero Phytotaxa 420: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000020493] A. mathewsii Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 497 (1864) [wfo-0000548047]synonym Aristolochia reticulata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald : 193 (1854) [wfo-0000548262] synonym Aristolochia utriculata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald : 193 (1854) [wfo-0000548448] A. maurorum L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1363 (1763) [wfo-0000548049]synonym Aristolochia anatolica Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1080 (1879) [wfo-0000547512] synonym Aristolochia aucheri Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 1(10): 174, t. 99 (1844) [wfo-0000547546]homotypic Aristolochia maurorum var. aucheri (Jaub. & Spach) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 492 (1864) [wfo-0000738187] synonym Aristolochia maurorum var. aucheri (Jaub. & Spach) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 492 (1864) [wfo-0000738187]basionym Aristolochia aucheri Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 1(10): 174, t. 99 (1844) [wfo-0000547546] A. maxima Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000548053]homotypic Howardia maxima (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0000725103] synonym Aristolochia biflora Willd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000547576] synonym Aristolochia dammeriana Mast. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 17: 452 (1895) [wfo-0000547725] synonym Aristolochia geminiflora Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547818]homotypic Aristolochia maxima var. geminiflora (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000548057] homotypic Howardia geminiflora (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725095] synonym Aristolochia maxima var. angustifolia Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000548055] synonym Aristolochia maxima var. geminiflora (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000548057]basionym Aristolochia geminiflora Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547818] homotypic Howardia geminiflora (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725095] synonym Aristolochia mexicana D.Dietr. Syn. Plant. 5: 196 (1852) [wfo-0000548074] synonym Aristolochia oblongifolia Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 404 (1924) [wfo-0000548122] synonym Aristolochia reticulata Holton ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000548263] synonym Aristolochia wageneriana Schltdl. Linnaea 26: 631 (1854) [wfo-0000548461] synonym Howardia geminiflora (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725095]basionym Aristolochia geminiflora Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547818] homotypic Aristolochia maxima var. geminiflora (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 457 (1864) [wfo-0000548057] synonym Howardia gollmeri Klotzsch Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 1859 [wfo-0001093281] synonym Howardia golmeri Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 621 (1859) [wfo-0000725099] synonym Howardia hoffmannii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 621 (1859) [wfo-0000725100] synonym Howardia maxima (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0000725103]basionym Aristolochia maxima Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000548053] A. medicinalis R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 266 (1967) [wfo-0000548060] A. meionantha (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 261: 142 (2016) [wfo-0001429111]basionym Aristolochia yunnanensis var. meionantha Hand.-Mazz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 163 (1879) [wfo-0000738196] homotypic Isotrema meionanthum (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032804] synonym Aristolochia yunnanensis var. meionantha Hand.-Mazz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 163 (1879) [wfo-0000738196]homotypic Aristolochia meionantha (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 261: 142 (2016) [wfo-0001429111] homotypic Isotrema meionanthum (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032804] synonym Isotrema meionanthum (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 11 (2019) [wfo-1000032804]basionym Aristolochia yunnanensis var. meionantha Hand.-Mazz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 163 (1879) [wfo-0000738196] homotypic Aristolochia meionantha (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 261: 142 (2016) [wfo-0001429111] A. melanocephala X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Novon 26: 298 (2018) [wfo-1000003198]homotypic Isotrema melanocephalum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032805] synonym Isotrema melanocephalum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032805]basionym Aristolochia melanocephala X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Novon 26: 298 (2018) [wfo-1000003198] A. melanoglossa Speg. Comun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1: 83 (1898) [wfo-0000548063] A. melastoma Silva Manso ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 461 (1864) [wfo-0000548065] A. melgueiroi Barringer & F.Guánchez Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 262 (1991) [wfo-0000548066] A. meridionaliana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339850]basionym Pararistolochia meridionaliana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 214 (1996) [wfo-0000392721] synonym Pararistolochia meridionaliana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 214 (1996) [wfo-0000392721]homotypic Aristolochia meridionaliana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001339850] A. meridionaliana subsp. milnensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001362932]basionym Pararistolochia meridionaliana subsp. milnensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 218 (1996) [wfo-0001366714] synonym Pararistolochia meridionaliana subsp. milnensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 218 (1996) [wfo-0001366714]homotypic Aristolochia meridionaliana subsp. milnensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001362932] A. meridionaliana subsp. popondettensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001362933]basionym Pararistolochia meridionaliana subsp. popondettensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 216 (1996) [wfo-0001366713] synonym Pararistolochia meridionaliana subsp. popondettensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 216 (1996) [wfo-0001366713]homotypic Aristolochia meridionaliana subsp. popondettensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001362933] A. meridionalis E.M.Ross Fl. Australia 2: 458 (2007) [wfo-0000506405]A. meridionalis subsp. centralis E.M.Ross Fl. Australia 2: 458 (2007) [wfo-0001361096] A. merxmuelleri Greuter & E.Mayer Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 321 (1985) [wfo-0000548068] A. micrantha Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 35 (1854) [wfo-0000548075]synonym Einomeia berlandieri Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 606 (1859) [wfo-0000663614] A. microphylla Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 210 (1894) [wfo-0000548077] A. microstoma Boiss. & Spruner Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 50 (1844) [wfo-0000548078]synonym Aristolochia parvifolia Spruner ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 485 (1864) [wfo-0000548175] A. minutiflora Ridl. ex Gamble Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 79 (1910) [wfo-0000548081]synonym Aristolochia minutiflora var. dolabrata Gamble Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 79 (1910) [wfo-0000548082] A. mishuyacensis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 96 (1933) [wfo-0000548084]basionym Aristolochia williamsii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 70 (1932) [wfo-0000548476] synonym Aristolochia williamsii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 70 (1932) [wfo-0000548476]homotypic Aristolochia mishuyacensis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 96 (1933) [wfo-0000548084] A. mollis Dunn J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 364 (1908) [wfo-0000548085]homotypic Isotrema molle (Dunn) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032807] synonym Isotrema molle (Dunn) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032807]basionym Aristolochia mollis Dunn J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 364 (1908) [wfo-0000548085] A. mollissima Hance J. Bot. 17: 300 (1879) [wfo-0000548087]homotypic Isotrema mollissimum (Hance) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032808] synonym Isotrema mollissimum (Hance) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032808]basionym Aristolochia mollissima Hance J. Bot. 17: 300 (1879) [wfo-0000548087] A. momandul K.Schum. Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land : 105 (1889) [wfo-0000548089]homotypic Pararistolochia momandul (K.Schum.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392720] synonym Pararistolochia momandul (K.Schum.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392720]basionym Aristolochia momandul K.Schum. Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land : 105 (1889) [wfo-0000548089] A. montana Ekman & O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 11 (1931) [wfo-0000548090] A. monticola Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 357 (1916) [wfo-0000548091] A. morae F.González Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 71: 500 (1993) [wfo-0000548092] A. mossii S.Moore J. Bot. 53: 7 (1915) [wfo-0000548095]synonym Aristolochia dubia Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 111 (1927) [wfo-0000547752] A. moupinensis Franch. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 79 (1887 publ. 1888) [wfo-0000548096]homotypic Isotrema moupinense (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032809] synonym Aristolochia bonatii H.Lév. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 608 (1909) [wfo-0000547587] synonym Aristolochia jinshanensis Z.L.Yang & S.X.Tan Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(2): 129 (1987) [wfo-0000547924] synonym Isotrema moupinense (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032809]basionym Aristolochia moupinensis Franch. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 79 (1887 publ. 1888) [wfo-0000548096] A. mulunensis Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 175 (2013) [wfo-0001336381]homotypic Isotrema mulunense (Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032810] synonym Isotrema mulunense (Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032810]basionym Aristolochia mulunensis Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50: 175 (2013) [wfo-0001336381] A. mutabilis Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 49 (1970) [wfo-0000548099] A. mycteria Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 181 (1966) [wfo-0000548100] A. nahua Paizanni & Santana Mich. Syst. Bot. 41: 129 (2016) [wfo-1000061287] A. nakaoi F.Maek. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 173 (1954) [wfo-0000548101]homotypic Isotrema nakaoi (F.Maek.) A.R.Sm. Bot. Mag. 178: t. 576 (1970) [wfo-0000732837] synonym Isotrema nakaoi (F.Maek.) A.R.Sm. Bot. Mag. 178: t. 576 (1970) [wfo-0000732837]basionym Aristolochia nakaoi F.Maek. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 173 (1954) [wfo-0000548101] A. nana S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 145 (1891) [wfo-0000548102] A. nardiana I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 165 (2015) [wfo-0001423514]basionym Aristolochia pallida var. elongata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 487 (1864) [wfo-0000548155] homotypic Aristolochia duchartrei I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 306 (2014) [wfo-1000061301] homotypic Aristolochia elongata (Duch.) E.Nardi Webbia 38: 294 (1984) [wfo-0000547766] synonym Aristolochia duchartrei I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 306 (2014) [wfo-1000061301]basionym Aristolochia pallida var. elongata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 487 (1864) [wfo-0000548155] homotypic Aristolochia elongata (Duch.) E.Nardi Webbia 38: 294 (1984) [wfo-0000547766] homotypic Aristolochia nardiana I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 165 (2015) [wfo-0001423514] synonym Aristolochia elongata (Duch.) E.Nardi Webbia 38: 294 (1984) [wfo-0000547766]basionym Aristolochia pallida var. elongata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 487 (1864) [wfo-0000548155] homotypic Aristolochia duchartrei I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 306 (2014) [wfo-1000061301] homotypic Aristolochia nardiana I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 165 (2015) [wfo-0001423514] synonym Aristolochia pallida var. elongata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 487 (1864) [wfo-0000548155]homotypic Aristolochia duchartrei I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 306 (2014) [wfo-1000061301] homotypic Aristolochia elongata (Duch.) E.Nardi Webbia 38: 294 (1984) [wfo-0000547766] homotypic Aristolochia nardiana I.M.Turner Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52: 165 (2015) [wfo-0001423514] A. nauseifolia Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 208 (1996) [wfo-0000548104] A. navicularis E.Nardi Webbia 38: 261 (1984) [wfo-0000548106]synonym Aristolochia longa var. longilabiata Maire & Weiller Fl. Afrique N. 7: 219 (1961) [wfo-1200093882] A. neinhuisii T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 54: 204 (2017) [wfo-1000061293]homotypic Isotrema neinhuisii (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032811] synonym Isotrema neinhuisii (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032811]basionym Aristolochia neinhuisii T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 54: 204 (2017) [wfo-1000061293] A. nelsonii Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 604 (1909) [wfo-0000548108] A. neolongifolia J.L.Wu & Z.L.Yang J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 223 (1987) [wfo-0000548109]homotypic Isotrema neolongifolium (J.L.Wu & Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032812] synonym Isotrema neolongifolium (J.L.Wu & Z.L.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032812]basionym Aristolochia neolongifolia J.L.Wu & Z.L.Yang J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 223 (1987) [wfo-0000548109] A. nevesarmondiana Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 7 (1925) [wfo-0000548111] A. novoguineensis O.C.Schmidt Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 58: 489 (1923) [wfo-0000548113] A. nuichuaensis T.V.Do & Luu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56: 108 (2018) [wfo-1000003199]homotypic Isotrema nuichuaense (T.V.Do & Luu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032813] synonym Isotrema nuichuaense (T.V.Do & Luu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032813]basionym Aristolochia nuichuaensis T.V.Do & Luu Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56: 108 (2018) [wfo-1000003199] A. nummulariifolia Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 145 (1817) [wfo-0000548114]synonym Aristolochia claussenii Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 57 (1854) [wfo-0000547666] synonym Aristolochia claussenii subsp. pyrenea (Taub.) Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 130 (1927) [wfo-0000547667]basionym Aristolochia pyrenea Taub. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 426 (1896) [wfo-0000548247] synonym Aristolochia emarginata Willd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 466 (1864) [wfo-0000547767] synonym Aristolochia exigua Lindm. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 525 (1901) [wfo-0000547781] synonym Aristolochia pusilla Pohl ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 466 (1864) [wfo-0000548245] synonym Aristolochia pyrenea Taub. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 426 (1896) [wfo-0000548247]homotypic Aristolochia claussenii subsp. pyrenea (Taub.) Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 130 (1927) [wfo-0000547667] synonym Aristolochia tenera Pohl ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 466 (1864) [wfo-0000548386] A. oaxacana Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 44: 603 (1909) [wfo-0000548115] A. obliqua S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 226 (1981) [wfo-0000548118]homotypic Isotrema obliquum (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032814] synonym Isotrema obliquum (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032814]basionym Aristolochia obliqua S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 226 (1981) [wfo-0000548118] A. oblongata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 29 (1797) [wfo-0000548120]A. oblongata subsp. calceiformis (Urb.) R.Rankin & Acev.-Rodr. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 51: 70 (2005) [wfo-0000548121]basionym Aristolochia calceiformis Urb. Symb. Antill. 1: 300 (1899) [wfo-0000547620] synonym Aristolochia calceiformis Urb. Symb. Antill. 1: 300 (1899) [wfo-0000547620]homotypic Aristolochia oblongata subsp. calceiformis (Urb.) R.Rankin & Acev.-Rodr. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 51: 70 (2005) [wfo-0000548121] synonym Diglosselis trinervis Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000647474] A. oblongata subsp. maestrensis (R.Rankin) Acev.-Rodr. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98: 84 (2012) [wfo-0001362096]basionym Aristolochia bilabiata subsp. maestrensis R.Rankin Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13: 49 (1992 publ. 1995) [wfo-0001404883] synonym Aristolochia bilabiata subsp. maestrensis R.Rankin Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 13: 49 (1992 publ. 1995) [wfo-0001404883]homotypic Aristolochia oblongata subsp. maestrensis (R.Rankin) Acev.-Rodr. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98: 84 (2012) [wfo-0001362096] A. oblongata subsp. oblongata Unknown [wfo-1200093902]synonym Aristolochia conduplicata Poit. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 460 (1864) [wfo-0000547685] A. occidentalis Santana Mich. & S.Lemus Acta Bot. Mex. 36: 54 (1996) [wfo-0000548124] A. odora Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 133 (1840) [wfo-0000548125]basionym Aristolochia odoratissima Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 97 (1831) [wfo-0000548129] synonym Aristolochia fluminensis H.Buek Gen. Sp. Candoll. 4: 28 (1874) [wfo-0000547796] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 97 (1831) [wfo-0000548129]homotypic Aristolochia odora Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 133 (1840) [wfo-0000548125] synonym Howardia fluminensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0000725094] A. odoratissima L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1362 (1763) [wfo-0000548127]homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. genuina Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 176 (1912) [wfo-0001395689] synonym Aristolochia aurantiaca Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 475 (1864) [wfo-0000547547] synonym Aristolochia cordata L. Fl. Jamaic. : 20 (1759) [wfo-1000061302] synonym Aristolochia glaziovii Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 90 (1875) [wfo-0000547839]homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. glaziovii (Mast.) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000548132] synonym Aristolochia hassleriana var. guaranitica Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 787 (1903) [wfo-0000547864]homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. guaranitica (Chodat) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 176 (1912) [wfo-0000548134] synonym Aristolochia macropoda Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 32 1854 [wfo-0001265590] synonym Aristolochia martiniana Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 238 (1937) [wfo-0000548045] synonym Aristolochia moschata Wedd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 475 (1864) [wfo-0000548093] synonym Aristolochia odorata Aikman Hort. Amer. : 215 (1794) [wfo-0000548126] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima f. brasiliensis Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000548131] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. genuina Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 176 (1912) [wfo-0001395689]basionym Aristolochia odoratissima L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. : 1362 (1763) [wfo-0000548127] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. glaziovii (Mast.) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000548132]basionym Aristolochia glaziovii Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 90 (1875) [wfo-0000547839] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. grandiflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 475 (1864) [wfo-0000548133] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. guaranitica (Chodat) Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 176 (1912) [wfo-0000548134]basionym Aristolochia hassleriana var. guaranitica Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 787 (1903) [wfo-0000547864] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. hastata Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000548135] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima var. pandurata (Jacq.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 47 (1942) [wfo-0000548136]basionym Aristolochia pandurata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 49 (1804) [wfo-0000548158] homotypic Aristolochia panduriformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000548162] homotypic Howardia pandurata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725105] synonym Aristolochia odoratissima f. paraguariensis Hassl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 177 (1912) [wfo-0000548137] synonym Aristolochia ottonis Klotzsch ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 476 (1864) [wfo-0000548147] synonym Aristolochia pandurata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 49 (1804) [wfo-0000548158]homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. pandurata (Jacq.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 47 (1942) [wfo-0000548136] homotypic Aristolochia panduriformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000548162] homotypic Howardia pandurata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725105] synonym Aristolochia pandurata var. warscewiczii Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 476 (1864) [wfo-0000548161] synonym Aristolochia panduriformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000548162]basionym Aristolochia pandurata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 49 (1804) [wfo-0000548158] homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. pandurata (Jacq.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 47 (1942) [wfo-0000548136] homotypic Howardia pandurata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725105] synonym Aristolochia picta H.Karst. Auswahl Gew. Venez. 2: 24 (1849) [wfo-0000548201] synonym Aristolochia rimbachii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 287 (1927) [wfo-0000548269] synonym Howardia pandurata (Jacq.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 619 (1859) [wfo-0000725105]basionym Aristolochia pandurata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 49 (1804) [wfo-0000548158] homotypic Aristolochia odoratissima var. pandurata (Jacq.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 47 (1942) [wfo-0000548136] homotypic Aristolochia panduriformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 152 (1805) [wfo-0000548162] synonym Howardia warszewiczii Klotzsch ex Duch. Prodr. 16(1): 476 (1869) [wfo-0000725114] A. olivieri Colleg. ex Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 50 (1844) [wfo-0000548140]synonym Aristolochia bruguieri Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 40 (1845) [wfo-0000547609] A. orbicularis Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 59 (1854) [wfo-0000548144] A. ornithopterae Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339851]basionym Pararistolochia linearifolia Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 235 (1996) [wfo-0000392636] synonym Pararistolochia linearifolia Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 235 (1996) [wfo-0000392636]homotypic Aristolochia ornithopterae Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339851] A. ornithorhyncha J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & Aguilar Phytotaxa 520: 176 (2021) [wfo-1000025525] A. ovalifolia Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 50 (1854) [wfo-0000548148]synonym Guaco mexicana Liebm. Förh. Skand. Naturf. Möte 1844: 203 (1847) [wfo-0000710657] A. ovatifolia S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 226 (1981) [wfo-0000548150]homotypic Isotrema ovatifolium (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032815] synonym Isotrema ovatifolium (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032815]basionym Aristolochia ovatifolia S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 226 (1981) [wfo-0000548150] A. pacayacensis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 54 (1938) [wfo-0000548151] A. pacifica Santana Mich. & Paizanni Syst. Bot. 41: 131 (2016) [wfo-0001345724] A. paecilantha Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 104 (1853) [wfo-0000548152]homotypic Aristolochia hirta var. paecilantha (Boiss.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 494 (1864) [wfo-0000547882] synonym Aristolochia hirta var. paecilantha (Boiss.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 494 (1864) [wfo-0000547882]basionym Aristolochia paecilantha Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 104 (1853) [wfo-0000548152] synonym Aristolochia hirta var. scabrida Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 494 (1864) [wfo-0000738183] synonym Aristolochia scabridula Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 105 (1853) [wfo-0000548304] A. pahsienshanianum (C.T.Lu, C.Lan Yang & J.C.Wang) New Taxa New Names 6: 310 2023 [wfo-1000057106]basionym Isotrema pahsienshanianum C.T.Lu, C.Lan Yang & J.C.Wang Taiwania 67: 400 (2022) [wfo-1000041742] synonym Isotrema pahsienshanianum C.T.Lu, C.Lan Yang & J.C.Wang Taiwania 67: 400 (2022) [wfo-1000041742]homotypic Aristolochia pahsienshanianum (C.T.Lu, C.Lan Yang & J.C.Wang) New Taxa New Names 6: 310 2023 [wfo-1000057106] A. pallida Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 162 (1805) [wfo-0000548153]homotypic Aristolochia longa subsp. pallida (Willd.) Maire Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 172 (1932) [wfo-1200093893] synonym Aristolochia longa subsp. pallida (Willd.) Maire Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 172 (1932) [wfo-1200093893]basionym Aristolochia pallida Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 162 (1805) [wfo-0000548153] A. pallida subsp. castellana E.Nardi Webbia 42: 15 (1988) [wfo-0001365769]homotypic Aristolochia castellana (E.Nardi) A.Costa Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65: 175 (2008) [wfo-1000038191] synonym Aristolochia castellana (E.Nardi) A.Costa Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65: 175 (2008) [wfo-1000038191]basionym Aristolochia pallida subsp. castellana E.Nardi Webbia 42: 15 (1988) [wfo-0001365769] A. palmeri S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 447 (1887) [wfo-0000548156] A. panamensis Standl. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 5 (1925) [wfo-0000548157]homotypic Isotrema panamense (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032816] synonym Isotrema panamense (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 12 (2019) [wfo-1000032816]basionym Aristolochia panamensis Standl. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 5 (1925) [wfo-0000548157] A. pannosoides Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 2: 102 (1947) [wfo-0000548164] A. paracleta Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 135 (1966) [wfo-0000548167]homotypic Isotrema paracletum (Pfeifer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032817] synonym Aristolochia chiapensis J.F.Ortega & R.V.Ortega Acta Bot. Mex. 44: 2 (1998) [wfo-0000547653] synonym Aristolochia mollis Standl. & Steyerm. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 155 (1944) [wfo-0000548086] synonym Isotrema paracletum (Pfeifer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032817]basionym Aristolochia paracleta Pfeifer Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 135 (1966) [wfo-0000548167] A. paradisiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339852]basionym Pararistolochia paradisiana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 223 (1996) [wfo-0000392719] synonym Pararistolochia paradisiana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 223 (1996) [wfo-0000392719]homotypic Aristolochia paradisiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339852] A. parvifolia Sm. Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 222 (1816) [wfo-0000548174]synonym Aristolochia macroglossa Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 38 (1845) [wfo-0000548025]homotypic Aristolochia tournefortii var. macroglossa (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1077 (1879) [wfo-0000548407] synonym Aristolochia parvifolia var. macroglossa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 491 (1864) [wfo-0000738188] synonym Aristolochia tournefortii Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 38 (1845) [wfo-0000548406] synonym Aristolochia tournefortii var. macroglossa (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 1077 (1879) [wfo-0000548407]basionym Aristolochia macroglossa Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 38 (1845) [wfo-0000548025] A. passiflorifolia A.Rich. Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 195 (1850) [wfo-0000548176]synonym Aristolochia cyclochilia Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 45 (1854) [wfo-0000547717] synonym Aristolochia spathulata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 448 (1864) [wfo-0000548354] A. paucinervis Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 136 (1874) [wfo-0000548177]homotypic Aristolochia longa subsp. paucinervis (Pomel) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547996] synonym Aristolochia longa subsp. paucinervis (Pomel) Batt. Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 788 (1890) [wfo-0000547996]basionym Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 136 (1874) [wfo-0000548177] synonym Aristolochia longa var. pseudorotunda Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 448 (1938) [wfo-1200093880] synonym Aristolochia rotunda subsp. longa Bonnier & Layens Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France : 277 (1894) [wfo-1200093894] A. paulistana Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 13 (1925) [wfo-0000548178] A. peltata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000548183]homotypic Howardia peltata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265396] synonym Aristolochia peltata Sw. Observ. Bot. : 341 (1791) [wfo-0000548184] synonym Aristolochia peltata var. poitaei Urb. Symb. Antill. 7: 207 (1912) [wfo-0000548185] synonym Aristolochia reniformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 153 (1805) [wfo-0000548257]homotypic Howardia reniformis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265397] synonym Howardia peltata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265396]basionym Aristolochia peltata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000548183] synonym Howardia reniformis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 618 (1859) [wfo-0001265397]basionym Aristolochia reniformis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 153 (1805) [wfo-0000548257] A. peltatodeltoidea Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., 1: 135 (1944) [wfo-0000548186]synonym Aristolochia kanukuensis Feuillet J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 143 (2007) [wfo-0000508417] A. peninsularis Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 357 (1916) [wfo-0000548188] A. peninsulensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339853]basionym Pararistolochia peninsulensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 234 (1996) [wfo-0000392718] synonym Pararistolochia peninsulensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 234 (1996) [wfo-0000392718]homotypic Aristolochia peninsulensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339853] A. pentandra Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000548189]homotypic Einomeia bracteata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000663616] homotypic Einomeia pentandra (Jacq.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000663619] synonym Aristolochia conferta Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8. : n.° 11 (1768) [wfo-0000547686] synonym Aristolochia hastata Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547867]homotypic Aristolochia pentandra var. hastata (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 440 (1864) [wfo-0000548190] homotypic Einomeia hastata (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 625 (1859) [wfo-0000663618] synonym Aristolochia marshii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 238 (1937) [wfo-0000548043] synonym Aristolochia pentandra var. hastata (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 440 (1864) [wfo-0000548190]basionym Aristolochia hastata Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547867] homotypic Einomeia hastata (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 625 (1859) [wfo-0000663618] synonym Aristolochia racemosa Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 363 (1917) [wfo-0000548251] synonym Einomeia bracteata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000663616]basionym Aristolochia pentandra Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000548189] homotypic Einomeia pentandra (Jacq.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000663619] synonym Einomeia hastata (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 625 (1859) [wfo-0000663618]basionym Aristolochia hastata Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 148 (1817) [wfo-0000547867] homotypic Aristolochia pentandra var. hastata (Kunth) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 440 (1864) [wfo-0000548190] synonym Einomeia pentandra (Jacq.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000663619]basionym Aristolochia pentandra Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 30 (1760) [wfo-0000548189] homotypic Einomeia bracteata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000663616] A. perangustifolia Phuph. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 34: 183 (2006) [wfo-0000506407] A. peruviana O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 136 (1924) [wfo-0000548191] A. petelotii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 95 (1933) [wfo-0000548193]homotypic Isotrema petelotii (O.C.Schmidt) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032818] synonym Isotrema petelotii (O.C.Schmidt) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032818]basionym Aristolochia petelotii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 95 (1933) [wfo-0000548193] A. phetchaburiensis Chuakul & Saralamp Kew Bull. 56: 741 (2001) [wfo-0000548197] A. philippinensis Warb. Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 1: 170 (1904) [wfo-0000548198] A. phuphathanaphongiana T.V.Do Nordic J. Bot. 33: 567 (2015) [wfo-0001345519] A. physodes Ule Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 119 (1905) [wfo-0000548199] A. pierrei Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 76 (1909) [wfo-0000548202]synonym Aristolochia hookeriana Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 450 (1911) [wfo-0000547890] A. pilosa Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 146 (1817) [wfo-0000548205]homotypic Howardia pilosa (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0000725106] synonym Aristolochia amazonica Ule ex Pilg. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 122 (1905) [wfo-0000547510] synonym Aristolochia claveriana L.Uribe Caldasia 7: 33 (1955) [wfo-0000547668] synonym Aristolochia costaricensis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 450 (1864) [wfo-0000547700]basionym Howardia costaricensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 614 (1859) [wfo-0000725092] synonym Aristolochia costaricensis var. zamorensis Hieron. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 5 (1895) [wfo-0000547701] synonym Aristolochia eggersii Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 6(15; 2): 95 (1942) [wfo-0000547760] synonym Aristolochia ernestulei Hoehne Monogr. Aristol. Bras. : 86 (1927) [wfo-0000547773] synonym Aristolochia ferruginea Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 51 (1914) [wfo-0000547786] synonym Aristolochia haughtiana Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 2: 99 (1947) [wfo-0000547871] synonym Aristolochia medellinensis Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 2: 99 (1947) [wfo-0000548059] synonym Aristolochia pannosa Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 493 (1875) [wfo-0000548163] synonym Aristolochia pilosa var. ligulifera Mast. ex Donn.Sm. Bot. Gaz. 33: 256 (1902) [wfo-0000548206] synonym Aristolochia schubertioides Hoehne Monogr. Aristol. Bras. : 108 (1927) [wfo-0000548312] synonym Howardia costaricensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 614 (1859) [wfo-0000725092]homotypic Aristolochia costaricensis (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 450 (1864) [wfo-0000547700] synonym Howardia pilosa (Kunth) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0000725106]basionym Aristolochia pilosa Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 146 (1817) [wfo-0000548205] A. pilosistyla X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Novon 26: 301 (2018) [wfo-1000003200]homotypic Isotrema pilosistylum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032819] synonym Isotrema pilosistylum (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032819]basionym Aristolochia pilosistyla X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Novon 26: 301 (2018) [wfo-1000003200] A. piperifolia Griff. Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. : 19 (1848) [wfo-0000548207] A. pistolochia L. Sp. Pl. : 962 (1753) [wfo-0000548208]homotypic Aristolochia fasciculata Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 387 (1779) [wfo-0000547783] homotypic Pistolochia latifolia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000392737] synonym Aristolochia fasciculata Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 387 (1779) [wfo-0000547783]basionym Aristolochia pistolochia L. Sp. Pl. : 962 (1753) [wfo-0000548208] homotypic Pistolochia latifolia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000392737] synonym Aristolochia polyrrhiza Bubani Fl. Pyren. 1: 119 (1897) [wfo-0000548218] synonym Pistolochia latifolia Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0000392737]basionym Aristolochia pistolochia L. Sp. Pl. : 962 (1753) [wfo-0000548208] homotypic Aristolochia fasciculata Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 387 (1779) [wfo-0000547783] A. pithecurus Ridl. J. Bot. 52: 296 (1914) [wfo-0000548210]homotypic Pararistolochia pithecurus (Ridl.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392717] synonym Pararistolochia pithecurus (Ridl.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392717]basionym Aristolochia pithecurus Ridl. J. Bot. 52: 296 (1914) [wfo-0000548210] A. platanifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000548211]basionym Siphisia platanifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265366] homotypic Isotrema platanifolium (Klotzsch) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032821] synonym Isotrema platanifolium (Klotzsch) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032821]basionym Siphisia platanifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265366] homotypic Aristolochia platanifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000548211] synonym Siphisia platanifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265366]homotypic Aristolochia platanifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 437 (1864) [wfo-0000548211] homotypic Isotrema platanifolium (Klotzsch) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032821] A. poluninii P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35: 319 (1977) [wfo-0000548216] A. polymorpha S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 222 (1981) [wfo-0000548217] A. pontica Lam. Encycl. 1: 255 (1783) [wfo-0000548220]synonym Aristolochia bodamae var. cordifolia Dingler Flora 66: 302 (1883) [wfo-0000547585] A. poomae Phuph. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 34: 183 (2006) [wfo-0000506408] A. pothieri Pierre ex Lecomte Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 76 (1909) [wfo-0000548223]synonym Aristolochia siamensis Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 203 (1913) [wfo-0000548342] A. povedae J.E.Jiménez & M.A.Blanco Syst. Bot. 47(4): 920. 2022 [12 Dec 2022] [epublished] [wfo-1000044373] A. praevenosa F.Muell. Fragm. 2: 166 (1861) [wfo-0000548224]homotypic Pararistolochia praevenosa (F.Muell.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392716] synonym Pararistolochia praevenosa (F.Muell.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392716]basionym Aristolochia praevenosa F.Muell. Fragm. 2: 166 (1861) [wfo-0000548224] A. preussii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 492 (1898) [wfo-0000548227]homotypic Pararistolochia preussii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001094609] synonym Pararistolochia preussii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0001094609]basionym Aristolochia preussii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 492 (1898) [wfo-0000548227] A. pringlei Rose Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 23 (1903) [wfo-0000548228]basionym Aristolochia longecaudata S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 447 (1887) [wfo-1000070393] synonym Aristolochia longecaudata S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 447 (1887) [wfo-1000070393]homotypic Aristolochia pringlei Rose Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 23 (1903) [wfo-0000548228] synonym Aristolochia longecaudata var. virescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 297 (1897) [wfo-0001395679] synonym Aristolochia longicaudata S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 447 (1887) [wfo-0000547999] synonym Aristolochia sagittifolia Moc. & Sessé ex Ramírez Estud. Hist. Nat. : 293 (1904) [wfo-0000548294] A. promissa Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s., 11: 494 (1879) [wfo-0000548229]homotypic Pararistolochia promissa (Mast.) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 160 (1952) [wfo-0000392708] synonym Aristolochia congolana Hauman Fl. Congo Belge 1: 384 (1948) [wfo-0000745290] synonym Aristolochia flagellata Stapf Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 80 (1906) [wfo-0000547791] synonym Aristolochia talbotii S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 93 (1913) [wfo-0000548381]homotypic Pararistolochia talbotii (S.Moore) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 161 (1952) [wfo-0001093593] synonym Aristolochia talbotii var. longissima S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 94 (1913) [wfo-0000738195] synonym Aristolochia tenuicauda S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 94 (1913) [wfo-0000548388]homotypic Pararistolochia tenuicauda (S.Moore) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 160 (1952) [wfo-0001093597] synonym Pararistolochia promissa (Mast.) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 160 (1952) [wfo-0000392708]basionym Aristolochia promissa Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s., 11: 494 (1879) [wfo-0000548229] synonym Pararistolochia talbotii (S.Moore) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 161 (1952) [wfo-0001093593]basionym Aristolochia talbotii S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 93 (1913) [wfo-0000548381] synonym Pararistolochia tenuicauda (S.Moore) Keay Kew Bull. 7: 160 (1952) [wfo-0001093597]basionym Aristolochia tenuicauda S.Moore Cat. Pl. Oban : 94 (1913) [wfo-0000548388] A. prostrata Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 63 (1854) [wfo-0000548230]synonym Aristolochia cardenasii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 237 (1937) [wfo-0000547626] synonym Aristolochia trollii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 68 (1932) [wfo-0000548430] A. pseudocaulialata X.X.Zhu, J.N.Liu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 364: 55 (2018) [wfo-1000003201]homotypic Isotrema pseudocaulialatum (X.X.Zhu, J.N.Liu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032822] synonym Isotrema pseudocaulialatum (X.X.Zhu, J.N.Liu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032822]basionym Aristolochia pseudocaulialata X.X.Zhu, J.N.Liu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 364: 55 (2018) [wfo-1000003201] A. pseudotriangularis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 110 (1935) [wfo-0000548231] A. pseudoutriformis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma PhytoKeys 130: 94 (2019) [wfo-1000020494]homotypic Isotrema pseudoutriforme (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023290] synonym Isotrema pseudoutriforme (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023290]basionym Aristolochia pseudoutriformis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma PhytoKeys 130: 94 (2019) [wfo-1000020494] A. pubera R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. : 349 (1810) [wfo-0000548232]A. pubera var. aromatica E.M.Ross Fl. Australia 2: 458 (2007) [wfo-0001383092] A. pubera var. pubera Unknown [wfo-1200093904]synonym Aristolochia puberula F.Muell. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 484 (1864) [wfo-0000548234] synonym Aristolochia strictiflora Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 484 (1864) [wfo-0000548366] A. pubescens Willd. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 450 (1864) [wfo-0000548236]synonym Howardia pubescens Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0001265387] A. pueblana J.F.Ortega & R.V.Ortega Acta Bot. Mex. 32: 39 (1995) [wfo-0000548240] A. punctata Lam. Encycl. 1: 253 (1783) [wfo-0000548241]homotypic Howardia punctata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265409] synonym Aristolochia fuertesii Urb. Symb. Antill. 7: 207 (1912) [wfo-0000547807] synonym Howardia punctata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 622 (1859) [wfo-0001265409]basionym Aristolochia punctata Lam. Encycl. 1: 253 (1783) [wfo-0000548241] A. punjabensis Lace Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 273 (1911) [wfo-0000548243]homotypic Isotrema punjabense (Lace) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032823] synonym Isotrema punjabense (Lace) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032823]basionym Aristolochia punjabensis Lace Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 273 (1911) [wfo-0000548243] A. purhepecha Santana Mich. & Cuevas Revista Mex. Biodivers. 88: 520 (2017) [wfo-1000035160] A. purpusii Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 52 (1914) [wfo-0000548244] A. putumayensis O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 112 (1935) [wfo-0000548246] A. pyriflora Lombardi & D.Frank Brittonia 74: 227-238 (2022) [wfo-1000040963]synonym Holostylis reniformis f. minor Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 787 (1903) [wfo-0001251959] A. quangbinhensis T.V.Do PhytoKeys 33: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001337976]homotypic Isotrema quangbinhense (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032824] synonym Isotrema quangbinhense (T.V.Do) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032824]basionym Aristolochia quangbinhensis T.V.Do PhytoKeys 33: 52 (2014) [wfo-0001337976] A. quercetorum Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 239 (1937) [wfo-0000548250] A. quiricoana J.E.Jiménez, M.A.Blanco & M.Cedeño Acta Bot. Mex. 128(e1974): 2 (2021) [wfo-1000025526] A. raja Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 78 (1824) [wfo-0000548252]homotypic Howardia raja Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265388] synonym Aristolochia reniformis Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 100 (1831) [wfo-0000548258] synonym Howardia raja Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 615 (1859) [wfo-0001265388]basionym Aristolochia raja Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 78 (1824) [wfo-0000548252] A. rethyae Kashung, Barman & Gajurel Phytotaxa 564: 2 (2022) [wfo-1000040721] A. reticulata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 162 (1835) [wfo-0000548261]homotypic Endodeca reticulata (Nutt.) Floden & Weakley J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12: 29 (2018) [wfo-1000003916] homotypic Isotrema reticulatum (Nutt.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032825] homotypic Siphisia reticulata (Nutt.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265369] synonym Endodeca reticulata (Nutt.) Floden & Weakley J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12: 29 (2018) [wfo-1000003916]basionym Aristolochia reticulata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 162 (1835) [wfo-0000548261] homotypic Isotrema reticulatum (Nutt.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032825] homotypic Siphisia reticulata (Nutt.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265369] synonym Isotrema reticulatum (Nutt.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032825]basionym Aristolochia reticulata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 162 (1835) [wfo-0000548261] homotypic Endodeca reticulata (Nutt.) Floden & Weakley J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12: 29 (2018) [wfo-1000003916] homotypic Siphisia reticulata (Nutt.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265369] synonym Siphisia reticulata (Nutt.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265369]basionym Aristolochia reticulata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 162 (1835) [wfo-0000548261] homotypic Endodeca reticulata (Nutt.) Floden & Weakley J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 12: 29 (2018) [wfo-1000003916] homotypic Isotrema reticulatum (Nutt.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032825] A. ridicula N.E.Br. Gard. Chron., n.s., 26: 360 (1886) [wfo-0000548266]synonym Aristolochia cuyabensis Malme Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 27(3; 5): 14 (1901) [wfo-0000547715] synonym Aristolochia droseroides Hoehne Relat. Commiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5(1): 67 (1910) [wfo-0000547751] synonym Aristolochia droseroidis Hoehne Relat. Commiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5, Bot. pt. 1: 67, pl. 62. 1910 as droseroides [wfo-0001417140] A. rigida Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 495 (1864) [wfo-0000548267]synonym Aristolochia rigida subsp. major C.H.Wright Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 139 (1913) [wfo-0000548268] synonym Aristolochia somaliensis Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 13: t. 1273 (1878) [wfo-0000548352] A. ringens Vahl Symb. Bot. 3: 99 (1794) [wfo-0000548271]basionym Aristolochia grandiflora Vahl Symb. Bot. 2: 94 (1791) [wfo-1200093874] synonym Aristolochia globiflora Mutis Diario Obs. Mutis 2: 549 (1983) [wfo-0000547840] synonym Aristolochia grandiflora Arruda in Koster, Trav. Braz. 499. [wfo-0000745363] synonym Aristolochia grandiflora Vahl Symb. Bot. 2: 94 (1791) [wfo-1200093874]homotypic Aristolochia ringens Vahl Symb. Bot. 3: 99 (1794) [wfo-0000548271] synonym Aristolochia turbacensis Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 149 (1817) [wfo-0000548437] synonym Howardia cymbifera Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 609 (1859) [wfo-0001265374]basionym Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547718] homotypic Aristolochia cymbifera var. genuina Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 470 (1864) [wfo-0001395670] synonym Howardia galeata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 608 (1859) [wfo-0001265373]basionym Aristolochia galeata Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 76 (1824) [wfo-0000547811] homotypic Aristolochia brasiliensis var. galeata (Mart.) Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 113 (1927) [wfo-0000547598] synonym Howardia ringens (Vahl) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 607 (1859) [wfo-0000725107] A. robertii Ahumada Fl. Ilustr. Catar. 1(Arist.): 35 (1975) [wfo-0000548273] A. rostrata Pfeifer Univ. Connecticut Occas. Pap., Biol. Sci. Ser. 1: 295 (1970) [wfo-0000548276] A. rotunda L. Sp. Pl. : 962 (1753) [wfo-0000548277]A. rotunda subsp. insularis (E.Nardi & Arrigoni) Gamisans Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse : 93 (1985) [wfo-0000548279]basionym Aristolochia insularis E.Nardi & Arrigoni Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 22: 352 (1983) [wfo-0000547914] synonym Aristolochia insularis E.Nardi & Arrigoni Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 22: 352 (1983) [wfo-0000547914]homotypic Aristolochia rotunda subsp. insularis (E.Nardi & Arrigoni) Gamisans Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse : 93 (1985) [wfo-0000548279] A. rotunda subsp. reichsteinii E.Nardi Bot. Helv. 97: 162 (1987) [wfo-0001365720] A. rugosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 252 (1783) [wfo-0000548284]synonym Aristolochia barbata Jacq. Collectanea 3: 221 (1791) [wfo-0000547563]homotypic Howardia barbata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0001265385] synonym Aristolochia barbata subsp. benedicti Malme Ark. Bot. 1: 539 (1904) [wfo-0000547564] synonym Aristolochia barbata subsp. dictyantha (Duch.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 105 (1942) [wfo-0000547565]basionym Aristolochia dictyantha Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 40 (1854) [wfo-0000547738] synonym Aristolochia dictyantha Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 40 (1854) [wfo-0000547738]homotypic Aristolochia barbata subsp. dictyantha (Duch.) Hoehne Fl. Brasílica 15(2): 105 (1942) [wfo-0000547565] synonym Aristolochia dictyantha var. schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 447 (1864) [wfo-0000547739]basionym Howardia schomburgkii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0000725109] synonym Aristolochia ecaudata DC. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 446 (1864) [wfo-0000547756] synonym Aristolochia eurystoma Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 41 (1854) [wfo-0000547779] synonym Aristolochia eurystoma var. microphylla Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 448 (1864) [wfo-0000547780] synonym Aristolochia obtusata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 126 (1788) [wfo-0000548123]homotypic Howardia obtusata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0001265381] synonym Aristolochia rumicifolia R.H.Schomb. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 447 (1864) [wfo-0000548287] synonym Howardia barbata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0001265385]basionym Aristolochia barbata Jacq. Collectanea 3: 221 (1791) [wfo-0000547563] synonym Howardia lansbergii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0000725102] synonym Howardia obtusata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0001265381]basionym Aristolochia obtusata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. : 126 (1788) [wfo-0000548123] synonym Howardia schomburgkii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0000725109]homotypic Aristolochia dictyantha var. schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 447 (1864) [wfo-0000547739] A. ruiziana (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 476 (1864) [wfo-0000548285]basionym Howardia ruiziana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0001220024] synonym Aristolochia duchartrei André Mouvem. Hort. : 61 (1867) [wfo-0000547753] synonym Aristolochia pilgeriana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 297 (1927) [wfo-0000548204] synonym Howardia ruiziana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0001220024]homotypic Aristolochia ruiziana (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 476 (1864) [wfo-0000548285] A. rumicifolia Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 79 (1824) [wfo-0000548286]homotypic Howardia rumicifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0001265380] synonym Aristolochia oblonga Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 99 (1831) [wfo-0000548119]homotypic Aristolochia rumicifolia var. oblonga (Vell.) Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 99 (1875) [wfo-0000548288] synonym Aristolochia rumicifolia var. oblonga (Vell.) Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 99 (1875) [wfo-0000548288]basionym Aristolochia oblonga Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 99 (1831) [wfo-0000548119] synonym Aristolochia rumicifolia var. ovata Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 99 (1875) [wfo-0000548289] synonym Howardia rumicifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 612 (1859) [wfo-0001265380]basionym Aristolochia rumicifolia Mart. Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1: 79 (1824) [wfo-0000548286] A. rumphii Kostel. Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 465 (1833) [wfo-0000548291] A. rzedowskiana Santana Mich. & Guzm.-Hern. Acta Bot. Mex. 106: 2 (2014) [wfo-0001340177] A. saccata Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 2 (1830) [wfo-0000548292]homotypic Isotrema saccatum (Wall.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032826] homotypic Siphisia saccata (Wall.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265365] synonym Aristolochia saccata var. angustifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 436 (1864) [wfo-0000738192]basionym Siphisia angustifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0000431349] synonym Aristolochia saccata var. dilatata Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 77 (1886) [wfo-1200010746] synonym Isotrema saccatum (Wall.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032826]basionym Aristolochia saccata Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 2 (1830) [wfo-0000548292] homotypic Siphisia saccata (Wall.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265365] synonym Siphisia angustifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0000431349]homotypic Aristolochia saccata var. angustifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 436 (1864) [wfo-0000738192] synonym Siphisia saccata (Wall.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 603 (1859) [wfo-0001265365]basionym Aristolochia saccata Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 2 (1830) [wfo-0000548292] homotypic Isotrema saccatum (Wall.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032826] A. salvadorensis Standl. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 367 (1923) [wfo-0000548296]homotypic Isotrema salvadorense (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032827] synonym Isotrema salvadorense (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032827]basionym Aristolochia salvadorensis Standl. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 367 (1923) [wfo-0000548296] A. salweenensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 295 (1989) [wfo-0000548297]homotypic Isotrema salweenense (C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032828] synonym Isotrema salweenense (C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032828]basionym Aristolochia salweenensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 295 (1989) [wfo-0000548297] A. samanensis O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 393 (1935) [wfo-0001265437] A. samarensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 178 (1916) [wfo-0000548298] A. savannoidea Paizanni & M.Ramírez Syst. Bot. 41: 133 (2016) [wfo-0001345725] A. schippii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 8 (1930) [wfo-0000548306] A. schlechteri Lauterb. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee, Nachtr.: 260 (1905) [wfo-0000548307]homotypic Pararistolochia schlechteri (Lauterb.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392714] synonym Pararistolochia schlechteri (Lauterb.) Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 207 (1996) [wfo-0000392714]basionym Aristolochia schlechteri Lauterb. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee, Nachtr.: 260 (1905) [wfo-0000548307] A. schmidtiana Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 1: 90 (1942) [wfo-0000548308] A. schultzeana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 96 (1933) [wfo-0000548313] A. schunkeana F.González Caldasia 16: 485 (1991 publ. 1992) [wfo-0000548315] A. scytophylla S.M.Hwang & D.Y.Chen Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 224 (1981) [wfo-0000548317]homotypic Isotrema scytophyllum (S.M.Hwang & D.Y.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032830] synonym Isotrema scytophyllum (S.M.Hwang & D.Y.Chen) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 13 (2019) [wfo-1000032830]basionym Aristolochia scytophylla S.M.Hwang & D.Y.Chen Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 224 (1981) [wfo-0000548317] A. secunda Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 41 (1970) [wfo-0000548318] A. sempervirens L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548321]homotypic Endodeca sempervirens (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667840] synonym Aristolochia altissima Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: 324 (1799) [wfo-0000547507]homotypic Aristolochia sempervirens subsp. altissima (Desf.) Greuter Candollea 32: 45 (1977) [wfo-0000548325] synonym Aristolochia sempervirens Orph. ex Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 645 (1881) [wfo-0000548324] synonym Aristolochia sempervirens subsp. altissima (Desf.) Greuter Candollea 32: 45 (1977) [wfo-0000548325]basionym Aristolochia altissima Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: 324 (1799) [wfo-0000547507] synonym Aristolochia undata Moench Methodus : 719 (1794) [wfo-0000548441] synonym Endodeca sempervirens (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667840]basionym Aristolochia sempervirens L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548321] A. sepikensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339854]basionym Pararistolochia sepikensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 231 (1996) [wfo-0000392713] synonym Pararistolochia sepikensis Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 231 (1996) [wfo-0000392713]homotypic Aristolochia sepikensis (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 53 (2014) [wfo-0001339854] A. sericea Blanco Fl. Filip. : 283 (1837) [wfo-0000548327]synonym Aristolochia imbricata Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 494 (1875) [wfo-0000547903] synonym Aristolochia membranacea Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 14: 381 (1919) [wfo-0000548067] A. serpentaria L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548329]homotypic Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000667841] homotypic Isotrema serpentaria (L.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032831] homotypic Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0001265421] synonym Aristolochia convolvulacea Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 335 (1897) [wfo-0000547691] synonym Aristolochia dodecandra Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000547746] synonym Aristolochia hastata Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 200 (1818) [wfo-0000547865]homotypic Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot., ed. 2b: 602 (1861) [wfo-0000548331] homotypic Endodeca hastata (Nutt.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667838] homotypic Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 50: 461 (1982) [wfo-0000667842] synonym Aristolochia nashii Kearney Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 485 (1894) [wfo-0000548103]homotypic Aristolochia serpentaria var. nashii (Kearney) H.E.Ahles J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75: 130 (1959) [wfo-0000548332] synonym Aristolochia officinalis T.Nees Pl. Medicin. 1: t. 144. 1828 [wfo-0000548139] synonym Aristolochia officinalis T.Nees Pl. Officin. : t. 144 (1830) [wfo-0001265420] synonym Aristolochia polyrrhizos Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 4(2): 310 (1827) [wfo-0000548219]homotypic Endodeca polyrrhizos (Spreng.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 601 (1859) [wfo-0000667839] synonym Aristolochia sagittata Muhl. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 434 (1864) [wfo-0000548293] synonym Aristolochia serpentaria var. bartonii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 433 (1864) [wfo-0000548330]basionym Endodeca bartonii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 600 (1859) [wfo-0000667836] synonym Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot., ed. 2b: 602 (1861) [wfo-0000548331]basionym Aristolochia hastata Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 200 (1818) [wfo-0000547865] homotypic Endodeca hastata (Nutt.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667838] homotypic Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 50: 461 (1982) [wfo-0000667842] synonym Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 434 1864 [wfo-0001093640] synonym Aristolochia serpentaria var. laxa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 434 (1864) [wfo-0000738193] synonym Aristolochia serpentaria var. nashii (Kearney) H.E.Ahles J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75: 130 (1959) [wfo-0000548332]basionym Aristolochia nashii Kearney Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 485 (1894) [wfo-0000548103] synonym Endodeca bartonii Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 600 (1859) [wfo-0000667836]homotypic Aristolochia serpentaria var. bartonii (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 433 (1864) [wfo-0000548330] synonym Endodeca dodecandra Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. Index Kew. 1: 840 1893 [wfo-0001265422] synonym Endodeca dodecandra Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000667837] synonym Endodeca hastata (Nutt.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667838]basionym Aristolochia hastata Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 200 (1818) [wfo-0000547865] homotypic Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot., ed. 2b: 602 (1861) [wfo-0000548331] homotypic Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 50: 461 (1982) [wfo-0000667842] synonym Endodeca polyrrhizos (Spreng.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 601 (1859) [wfo-0000667839]basionym Aristolochia polyrrhizos Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 4(2): 310 (1827) [wfo-0000548219] synonym Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000667841]basionym Aristolochia serpentaria L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548329] homotypic Isotrema serpentaria (L.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032831] homotypic Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0001265421] synonym Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) C.F.Reed Phytologia 50: 461 (1982) [wfo-0000667842]basionym Aristolochia hastata Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 200 (1818) [wfo-0000547865] homotypic Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata (Nutt.) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot., ed. 2b: 602 (1861) [wfo-0000548331] homotypic Endodeca hastata (Nutt.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000667838] synonym Isotrema serpentaria (L.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032831]basionym Aristolochia serpentaria L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548329] homotypic Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000667841] homotypic Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0001265421] synonym Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 98 (1838) [wfo-0001265421]basionym Aristolochia serpentaria L. Sp. Pl. : 961 (1753) [wfo-0000548329] homotypic Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000667841] homotypic Isotrema serpentaria (L.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032831] synonym Psophiza undulata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0000392735] A. sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 464 (1864) [wfo-0000548336]basionym Howardia sessilifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265394] synonym Aristolochia brevifolia var. subcordata Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 325 (1923) [wfo-0000547602] synonym Aristolochia emarginata (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 467 (1864) [wfo-1000061394]basionym Howardia emarginata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001265395] synonym Aristolochia sessilifolia var. uruguayensis Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 325 (1923) [wfo-0000548337] synonym Howardia emarginata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001265395]homotypic Aristolochia emarginata (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 467 (1864) [wfo-1000061394] synonym Howardia sessilifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265394]homotypic Aristolochia sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 464 (1864) [wfo-0000548336] A. setosa Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 496 (1864) [wfo-0000548340]synonym Aristolochia microura Pohl ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 496 (1864) [wfo-0000548079] synonym Aristolochia theriaca Mart. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 455 (1864) [wfo-0000548394] A. shimadae Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 36 (1916) [wfo-0000548341]homotypic Isotrema shimadae (Hayata) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032832] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi var. trilobata Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 419 (1875) [wfo-0000547937]homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. trilobata (Franch. & Sav.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547938] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi f. trilobata (Franch. & Sav.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 125 (1910) [wfo-0000547938]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi var. trilobata Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 419 (1875) [wfo-0000547937] synonym Aristolochia onoei Franch. & Sav. ex Koidz. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 50 (1939) [wfo-0000548141] synonym Isotrema shimadae (Hayata) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032832]basionym Aristolochia shimadae Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 36 (1916) [wfo-0000548341] A. silvatica Barb.Rodr. Vellosia, ed. 2, 1: 22 (1885-1888 publ.1891) [wfo-0000548344]synonym Aristolochia amesiana R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 15: 185 (1952) [wfo-0000547511] A. sinaloae Brandegee Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 358 (1916) [wfo-0000548346] A. singalangensis Korth. ex Ding Hou Blumea 29: 224 (1983) [wfo-0000548348]homotypic Isotrema singalangense (Korth. ex Ding Hou) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032833] synonym Isotrema singalangense (Korth. ex Ding Hou) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032833]basionym Aristolochia singalangensis Korth. ex Ding Hou Blumea 29: 224 (1983) [wfo-0000548348] A. sinoburmanica Y.H.Tan & B.Yang PhytoKeys 94: 15 (2018) [wfo-0001330901]homotypic Isotrema sinoburmanicum (Y.H.Tan & B.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032834] synonym Isotrema sinoburmanicum (Y.H.Tan & B.Yang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032834]basionym Aristolochia sinoburmanica Y.H.Tan & B.Yang PhytoKeys 94: 15 (2018) [wfo-0001330901] A. smilacina Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 459 (1864) [wfo-0000548350]synonym Aristolochia alpestris Barb.Rodr. Revista Engen. 3(4): 56 (1881) [wfo-1000061280] synonym Aristolochia hatschbachii Ahumada Hickenia 1: 173 (1979) [wfo-0000547870] synonym Aristolochia saxicola Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 9 (1925) [wfo-0000548302] synonym Howardia smilacina Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001265405] A. socorroensis Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 82 (1970) [wfo-0000548351] A. sparusifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 54 (2014) [wfo-0001339855]basionym Pararistolochia sparusifolia Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 228 (1996) [wfo-0000392711] synonym Pararistolochia sparusifolia Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 228 (1996) [wfo-0000392711]homotypic Aristolochia sparusifolia (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 54 (2014) [wfo-0001339855] A. stahelii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 52 (1938) [wfo-0000548357] A. stenocarpa Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 271 (1898) [wfo-0000548359] A. stenosiphon P.H.Davis & M.S.Khan Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 539 (1961) [wfo-0000548361] A. stevechurchillii F.González & Pabón-Mora Darwiniana n.s., 11(1): 266 2023 [wfo-1000057801] A. stevensii Barringer Novon 3: 321 (1993) [wfo-0000548363]homotypic Isotrema stevensii (Barringer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032835] synonym Isotrema stevensii (Barringer) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032835]basionym Aristolochia stevensii Barringer Novon 3: 321 (1993) [wfo-0000548363] A. steyermarkii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 329 (1940) [wfo-0000548364]homotypic Isotrema steyermarkii (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032836] synonym Isotrema steyermarkii (Standl.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032836]basionym Aristolochia steyermarkii Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 329 (1940) [wfo-0000548364] A. stomachoidis Hoehne Relat. Commiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5(1): 65 (1910) [wfo-0000548365] A. stuckertii Speg. Comun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1: 84 (1898) [wfo-0000548368] A. styoglossa Pfeifer Univ. Connecticut Occas. Pap., Biol. Sci. Ser. 1: 291 (1970) [wfo-0000548370] A. subglobosa J.Freitas, Lírio & F.González Phytotaxa 124: 56 (2013) [wfo-0001318318] A. surinamensis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 151 (1805) [wfo-0000548375]synonym Aristolochia macrota Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 43 (1854) [wfo-0000548030] synonym Aristolochia platyloba Garcke Linnaea 22: 69 (1849) [wfo-0000548212] synonym Aristolochia surinamensis Miq. Linnaea 18: 246 (1844) [wfo-0000548376] synonym Aristolochia trilobata Lam. Encycl. 1: 251 (1783) [wfo-0000548426] synonym Howardia surinamensis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 613 (1859) [wfo-0001265386] A. tadungensis T.V.Do & Luu Syst. Bot. 40: 677 (2015) [wfo-1000061290]homotypic Isotrema tadungense (T.V.Do & Luu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032837] synonym Isotrema tadungense (T.V.Do & Luu) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032837]basionym Aristolochia tadungensis T.V.Do & Luu Syst. Bot. 40: 677 (2015) [wfo-1000061290] A. taliscana Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. : 309 (1838) [wfo-0000548382]synonym Aristolochia galeottii Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 44 (1854) [wfo-0000547814] synonym Aristolochia pardina Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 47 (1854) [wfo-0000548172] A. tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 448 (1864) [wfo-0000548383]basionym Howardia tamnifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001265403] synonym Howardia tamnifolia Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001265403]homotypic Aristolochia tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 448 (1864) [wfo-0000548383] A. tanzawana (Kigawa) Watan.-Toma & Ohi-Toma J. Jap. Bot. 89: 160 (2014) [wfo-0001340402]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi var. tanzawana Kigawa Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 18: 17 (1989) [wfo-0001389746] homotypic Isotrema tanzawanum (Kigawa) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032838] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi var. tanzawana Kigawa Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 18: 17 (1989) [wfo-0001389746]homotypic Aristolochia tanzawana (Kigawa) Watan.-Toma & Ohi-Toma J. Jap. Bot. 89: 160 (2014) [wfo-0001340402] homotypic Isotrema tanzawanum (Kigawa) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032838] synonym Isotrema tanzawanum (Kigawa) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032838]basionym Aristolochia kaempferi var. tanzawana Kigawa Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 18: 17 (1989) [wfo-0001389746] homotypic Aristolochia tanzawana (Kigawa) Watan.-Toma & Ohi-Toma J. Jap. Bot. 89: 160 (2014) [wfo-0001340402] A. tentaculata O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 283 (1927) [wfo-0000548387] A. tequilana S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 447 (1887) [wfo-0000548391] A. teretiflora Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 105 (1970) [wfo-0000548392] A. thibetica Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 313 (1898) [wfo-0000548395]homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. thibetica (Franch.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547936] homotypic Isotrema thibeticum (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032839] synonym Aristolochia kaempferi f. thibetica (Franch.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547936]basionym Aristolochia thibetica Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 313 (1898) [wfo-0000548395] homotypic Isotrema thibeticum (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032839] synonym Isotrema thibeticum (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 14 (2019) [wfo-1000032839]basionym Aristolochia thibetica Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 313 (1898) [wfo-0000548395] homotypic Aristolochia kaempferi f. thibetica (Franch.) S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 230 (1981) [wfo-0000547936] A. thotteaeformis T.V.Do & Luu Phytotaxa 547: 168 (2022) [wfo-1000029495] A. thozetii F.Muell. Fragm. 2: 167 (1861) [wfo-0000548396]synonym Aristolochia baueri Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 484 (1864) [wfo-0000547569] synonym Aristolochia pubera F.A.Bauer ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 484 (1864) [wfo-0000548233] synonym Aristolochia thozetii var. angustissima Benth. Fl. Austral. 6: 209 (1873) [wfo-0000548397] A. thwaitesii Hook. Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4918 (1856) [wfo-0000548398]homotypic Isotrema thwaitesii (Hook.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032840] homotypic Siphisia thwaitesii (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265367] synonym Isotrema thwaitesii (Hook.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032840]basionym Aristolochia thwaitesii Hook. Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4918 (1856) [wfo-0000548398] homotypic Siphisia thwaitesii (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265367] synonym Siphisia thwaitesii (Hook.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 604 (1859) [wfo-0001265367]basionym Aristolochia thwaitesii Hook. Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4918 (1856) [wfo-0000548398] homotypic Isotrema thwaitesii (Hook.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032840] A. tigrina A.Rich. Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 194 (1850) [wfo-0000548401]synonym Aristolochia elliptica Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 51 (1854) [wfo-0000547765] A. tithonusiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 54 (2014) [wfo-0001339856]basionym Pararistolochia tithonusiana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 222 (1996) [wfo-0000392710] synonym Pararistolochia tithonusiana Mich.J.Parsons Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 222 (1996) [wfo-0000392710]homotypic Aristolochia tithonusiana (Mich.J.Parsons) Buchwalder & Wanke Austral. Syst. Bot. 27: 54 (2014) [wfo-0001339856] A. tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403]homotypic Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429] homotypic Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428] homotypic Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431] homotypic Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584] homotypic Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430] synonym Aristolochia angulisans Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 258 (1803) [wfo-0000547519] synonym Aristolochia pubescens K.Koch Dendrologie 2(1): 395 (1872) [wfo-0000548238] synonym Aristolochia tripteris Raf. Fl. Ludov. : 24 (1817) [wfo-0000548429]homotypic Isiphia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0000732461] homotypic Pteriphis tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0001265436] homotypic Siphisia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000431343] synonym Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429]basionym Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403] homotypic Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428] homotypic Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431] homotypic Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584] homotypic Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430] synonym Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428]basionym Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403] homotypic Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429] homotypic Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431] homotypic Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584] homotypic Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430] synonym Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431]basionym Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403] homotypic Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429] homotypic Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428] homotypic Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584] homotypic Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430] synonym Isiphia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0000732461]basionym Aristolochia tripteris Raf. Fl. Ludov. : 24 (1817) [wfo-0000548429] homotypic Pteriphis tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0001265436] homotypic Siphisia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000431343] synonym Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584]basionym Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403] homotypic Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429] homotypic Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428] homotypic Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431] homotypic Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430] synonym Pteriphis tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0001265436]basionym Aristolochia tripteris Raf. Fl. Ludov. : 24 (1817) [wfo-0000548429] homotypic Isiphia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0000732461] homotypic Siphisia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000431343] synonym Siphisia tomentosa (Sims) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0001265430]basionym Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Bot. Mag. 33: t. 1369 (1811) [wfo-0000548403] homotypic Dasyphonion tomentosum (Sims) Raf. First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ. 13 1824 [wfo-0001265429] homotypic Hocquartia tomentosa Dumort. Comment. Bot. : 30 (1822) [wfo-0001265428] homotypic Isiphia tomentosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0001265431] homotypic Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 550 (1960) [wfo-0001094584] synonym Siphisia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 62 (1828) [wfo-0000431343]basionym Aristolochia tripteris Raf. Fl. Ludov. : 24 (1817) [wfo-0000548429] homotypic Isiphia tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 232 (1830) [wfo-0000732461] homotypic Pteriphis tripteris (Raf.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 99 (1838) [wfo-0001265436] A. tonduzii O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 284 (1927) [wfo-0000548404]synonym Aristolochia chapmaniana Standl. Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 60 (1933) [wfo-0000547651] synonym Aristolochia maxima var. cordata Standl. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 136 (1930) [wfo-0000548056] synonym Aristolochia translucida Pfeifer Brittonia 28: 349 (1976) [wfo-0000548408] A. tongbiguanensis J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & Landrein Taiwania 63: 183 (2018) [wfo-1000003202]homotypic Isotrema tongbiguanense (J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & Landrein) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032841] synonym Aristolochia bhamoensis T.V.Do & Jian W.Li Nordic J. Bot. 36(8)-e01909: 2 (2018) [wfo-1000003197] synonym Isotrema tongbiguanense (J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & Landrein) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032841]basionym Aristolochia tongbiguanensis J.Y.Shen, Q.B.Gong & Landrein Taiwania 63: 183 (2018) [wfo-1000003202] A. tonkinensis T.V.Do & Wanke Syst. Bot. 40: 678 (2015) [wfo-1000061292]homotypic Isotrema tonkinense (T.V.Do & Wanke) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032842] synonym Isotrema tonkinense (T.V.Do & Wanke) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032842]basionym Aristolochia tonkinensis T.V.Do & Wanke Syst. Bot. 40: 678 (2015) [wfo-1000061292] A. transsecta (Chatterjee) C.Y.Wu Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 231 (1981) [wfo-0000548409]basionym Isotrema transsectum Chatterjee Kew Bull. 3: 64 (1948) [wfo-0001094604] synonym Isotrema transsectum Chatterjee Kew Bull. 3: 64 (1948) [wfo-0001094604]homotypic Aristolochia transsecta (Chatterjee) C.Y.Wu Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 231 (1981) [wfo-0000548409] A. tresmariae Ferris Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 68 (1927) [wfo-0000548412] A. triactina Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 196 (1865) [wfo-0000548413]homotypic Pararistolochia triactina (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392709] synonym Aristolochia schweinfurthii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 492 (1898) [wfo-0000548316]homotypic Pararistolochia schweinfurthii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0000392725] synonym Aristolochia stuhlmannii Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 169 (1895) [wfo-0000548369] synonym Pararistolochia schweinfurthii (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0000392725]basionym Aristolochia schweinfurthii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 492 (1898) [wfo-0000548316] synonym Pararistolochia triactina (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 77 (1927) [wfo-0000392709]basionym Aristolochia triactina Hook.f. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 25: 196 (1865) [wfo-0000548413] A. triangularis Cham. Linnaea 7: 209 (1832) [wfo-0000548415]homotypic Howardia triangularis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001265402] synonym Aristolochia antihysterica Mart. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 477 (1864) [wfo-0000547527] synonym Aristolochia paraguariensis Parodi Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 156 (1878) [wfo-0000548169] synonym Aristolochia salpinx Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s., 26: 456 (1886) [wfo-0000548295]homotypic Aristolochia triangularis var. salpinx (Mast.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 332 (1923) [wfo-0000548417] synonym Aristolochia sellowiana (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) [wfo-0000548320]basionym Howardia sellowiana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265391] synonym Aristolochia triangularis f. minor Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 788 (1903) [wfo-0000548416] synonym Aristolochia triangularis var. salpinx (Mast.) Hauman Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 332 (1923) [wfo-0000548417]basionym Aristolochia salpinx Mast. Gard. Chron., n.s., 26: 456 (1886) [wfo-0000548295] synonym Howardia sellowiana Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 616 (1859) [wfo-0001265391]homotypic Aristolochia sellowiana (Klotzsch) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 458 (1864) [wfo-0000548320] synonym Howardia triangularis Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 620 (1859) [wfo-0001265402]basionym Aristolochia triangularis Cham. Linnaea 7: 209 (1832) [wfo-0000548415] A. tricaudata Lem. Ill. Hort. 12: 49 (1865) [wfo-0000548420]homotypic Isotrema tricaudatum (Lem.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 551 (1960) [wfo-0000732840] synonym Isotrema tricaudatum (Lem.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 551 (1960) [wfo-0000732840]basionym Aristolochia tricaudata Lem. Ill. Hort. 12: 49 (1865) [wfo-0000548420] A. trilobata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000548425]homotypic Aristolochia triloba Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 214 (1796) [wfo-0000548424] homotypic Howardia trilobata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0000725111] synonym Aristolochia appendiculata Vell. Fl. Flumin. 9: t. 98 (1831) [wfo-0000547530] synonym Aristolochia caracasana Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 753 (1826) [wfo-0000547625] synonym Aristolochia trifida Lam. Encycl. 1: 251 (1783) [wfo-0000548423]homotypic Howardia trifida Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001093310] synonym Aristolochia triloba Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 214 (1796) [wfo-0000548424]basionym Aristolochia trilobata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000548425] homotypic Howardia trilobata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0000725111] synonym Howardia trifida Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0001093310]basionym Aristolochia trifida Lam. Encycl. 1: 251 (1783) [wfo-0000548423] synonym Howardia trilobata (L.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 617 (1859) [wfo-0000725111]basionym Aristolochia trilobata L. Sp. Pl. : 960 (1753) [wfo-0000548425] homotypic Aristolochia triloba Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 214 (1796) [wfo-0000548424] synonym Passiflora caloneura Kurz J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46: 95 (1877) [wfo-0000480012] A. truncata Fielding & Gardner Sert. Pl. : t. 44 (1844) [wfo-0000548432]homotypic Howardia truncata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0001093049] synonym Aristolochia tarapotina Ule Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 47: 123 (1905) [wfo-0000548385] synonym Howardia truncata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 610 (1859) [wfo-0001093049]basionym Aristolochia truncata Fielding & Gardner Sert. Pl. : t. 44 (1844) [wfo-0000548432] A. tuberosa C.F.Liang & S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 17 (1975) [wfo-0000548435]synonym Aristolochia cinnabarina C.Y.Cheng & J.L.Wu J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 219 (1987) [wfo-0000547665] A. tubiflora Dunn J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 364 (1908) [wfo-0000548436]synonym Aristolochia longilinqua C.Y.Cheng & W.Yu Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 109 (1992) [wfo-0000548008] synonym Aristolochia triangulifolia W.Yu Guihaia 12: 3 (1992) [wfo-0000548418] A. tuitensis Santana Mich. & Paizanni Syst. Bot. 41: 135 (2016) [wfo-1000061288] A. tyrrhena E.Nardi & Arrigoni Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 22: 247 (1983) [wfo-0000548438] A. urbaniana Taub. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 14 (1890) [wfo-0000548443]synonym Aristolochia decursive-bracteata Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 1: 91 (1942) [wfo-0000547730] A. urupaensis Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 11 (1925) [wfo-0000548447] A. utriformis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 228 (1981) [wfo-0000548449]homotypic Isotrema utriforme (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032843] synonym Isotrema utriforme (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032843]basionym Aristolochia utriformis S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 228 (1981) [wfo-0000548449] A. vallisicola T.L.Yao PhytoKeys 14: 16 (2012) [wfo-0001333636]homotypic Isotrema vallisicola (T.L.Yao) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032844] synonym Isotrema vallisicola (T.L.Yao) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032844]basionym Aristolochia vallisicola T.L.Yao PhytoKeys 14: 16 (2012) [wfo-0001333636] A. variifolia Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 65 (1854) [wfo-0000548451] A. veracruzana J.F.Ortega Biótica 12: 209 (1987) [wfo-0000548453]homotypic Isotrema veracruzanum (J.F.Ortega) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032845] synonym Isotrema veracruzanum (J.F.Ortega) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032845]basionym Aristolochia veracruzana J.F.Ortega Biótica 12: 209 (1987) [wfo-0000548453] A. versabilifolia Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 78 (1970) [wfo-0000548455] A. versicolor S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 224 (1981) [wfo-0000548456]homotypic Isotrema versicolor (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032846] synonym Isotrema versicolor (S.M.Hwang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032846]basionym Aristolochia versicolor S.M.Hwang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 224 (1981) [wfo-0000548456] A. vestita Ohi-Toma, P.Li & Watan.-Toma J. Jap. Bot. 96: 256 (2021) [wfo-1000025527] A. viperina (Chodat & Hassl.) Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 138 (1906) [wfo-0000548458]basionym Aristolochia angustifolia var. viperina Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 797 (1903) [wfo-0000547525] synonym Aristolochia angustifolia var. australis Ahumeda Opera Lilloana 16: 116 (1967) [wfo-0000547522] synonym Aristolochia angustifolia var. viperina Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 797 (1903) [wfo-0000547525]homotypic Aristolochia viperina (Chodat & Hassl.) Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 138 (1906) [wfo-0000548458] A. vuquangensis T.V.Do Phytotaxa 500: 41 (2021) [wfo-1000025528]homotypic Isotrema vuquangense (T.V.Do) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen PhytoKeys 197: 76 (2022) [wfo-1000030229] synonym Isotrema vuquangense (T.V.Do) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen PhytoKeys 197: 76 (2022) [wfo-1000030229]basionym Aristolochia vuquangensis T.V.Do Phytotaxa 500: 41 (2021) [wfo-1000025528] A. wankeana J.Freitas, F.González & Poncy Phytotaxa 474: 9 (2020) [wfo-1000021108] A. wardiana J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 348 (1989) [wfo-0000548462]homotypic Isotrema wardianum (J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032847] synonym Isotrema wardianum (J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032847]basionym Aristolochia wardiana J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 348 (1989) [wfo-0000548462] A. watsonii Wooton & Standl. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 117 (1913) [wfo-0000548465]basionym Aristolochia brevipes var. acuminata S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 148 (1883) [wfo-0000547606] synonym Aristolochia brevipes var. acuminata S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 148 (1883) [wfo-0000547606]homotypic Aristolochia watsonii Wooton & Standl. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 117 (1913) [wfo-0000548465] synonym Aristolochia porphyrophylla Pfeifer Taxon. Rev. Pentandr. Aristol. : 94 (1970) [wfo-0000548222] A. weberbaueri O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 294 (1927) [wfo-0000548466]synonym Aristolochia andahuaylensis Ahumada Hickenia 1: 180 (1979) [wfo-0000547513] synonym Aristolochia mastersiana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 54 (1938) [wfo-0000548046]basionym Aristolochia pearcei Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 493 (1875) [wfo-0000548182] synonym Aristolochia pearcei Mast. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 493 (1875) [wfo-0000548182]homotypic Aristolochia mastersiana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 54 (1938) [wfo-0000548046] A. weddellii Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 2: 62 (1854) [wfo-0000548467]A. weddellii subsp. duckeana Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 22 (1925) [wfo-0000548469] A. weddellii subsp. rondoniana Hoehne Arch. Bot. São Paulo 1: 19 (1925) [wfo-0000548470]synonym Aristolochia longecaudata Mart. ex Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 84 (1875) [wfo-1000061273] synonym Aristolochia longicaudata Mart. ex Mast. Fl. Bras. 4(2): 84 1875 [wfo-0000547998] A. weddellii subsp. weddellii Unknown [wfo-1200093906]synonym Aristolochia jauruensis Hoehne Relat. Commiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 5(1): 66 (1910) [wfo-0000547922] A. weixiensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 230: 54 (2015) [wfo-1000061283]homotypic Isotrema weixiense (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032848] synonym Isotrema weixiense (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 15 (2019) [wfo-1000032848]basionym Aristolochia weixiensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 230: 54 (2015) [wfo-1000061283] A. wendeliana Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 1: 45 (1939) [wfo-0000548471] A. wenshanensis Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao Taiwania 65: 41 (2020) [wfo-1000021109]homotypic Isotrema wenshanense (Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023291] synonym Isotrema wenshanense (Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023291]basionym Aristolochia wenshanensis Lei Cai, D.M.He & Z.L.Dao Taiwania 65: 41 (2020) [wfo-1000021109] A. werdermanniana O.C.Schmidt Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 67 (1932) [wfo-0000548472] A. westlandii Hemsl. J. Bot. 23: 286 (1885) [wfo-0000548473]homotypic Isotrema westlandii (Hemsl.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 551 (1960) [wfo-0000732841] synonym Isotrema westlandii (Hemsl.) H.Huber Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 3: 551 (1960) [wfo-0000732841]basionym Aristolochia westlandii Hemsl. J. Bot. 23: 286 (1885) [wfo-0000548473] A. whitei I.M.Johnst. J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 254 (1940) [wfo-0000548474] A. williamsii Rusby Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 501 (1910) [wfo-0000548475] A. wrightii Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald : 331 (1856) [wfo-0000548477]homotypic Aristolochia brevipes var. wrightii (Seem.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 441 (1864) [wfo-0000547607] synonym Aristolochia brevipes var. wrightii (Seem.) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 441 (1864) [wfo-0000547607]basionym Aristolochia wrightii Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald : 331 (1856) [wfo-0000548477] synonym Aristolochia wrightii var. texana I.M.Johnst. J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 254 (1940) [wfo-0000548478] A. wuana Zhen W.Liu & Y.F.Deng Novon 19: 370 (2009) [wfo-0000745653]basionym Aristolochia macrocarpa C.Y.Wu & S.K.Wu ex D.D.Tao Fl. Xizang. 1: 585 (1983) [wfo-0000548024] synonym Aristolochia macrocarpa C.Y.Wu & S.K.Wu ex D.D.Tao Fl. Xizang. 1: 585 (1983) [wfo-0000548024]homotypic Aristolochia wuana Zhen W.Liu & Y.F.Deng Novon 19: 370 (2009) [wfo-0000745653] synonym Isotrema wuanum (Zhen W.Liu & Y.F.Deng) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032849] A. xerophytica R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 18: 139 (1958) [wfo-0000548480]synonym Aristolochia hutchisonii Ahumada Hickenia 1: 177 (1979) [wfo-0000547895] synonym Aristolochia hutchisonii Barringer Brittonia 38: 131 (1986) [wfo-0000547896] synonym Aristolochia pucarensis Ahumada Hickenia 1: 175 (1979) [wfo-0000548239] A. xuanlienensis N.T.T.Huong, B.H.Quang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 188: 176 (2014) [wfo-0001341181]homotypic Isotrema xuanlienense (N.T.T.Huong, B.H.Quang & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032850] synonym Isotrema xuanlienense (N.T.T.Huong, B.H.Quang & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032850]basionym Aristolochia xuanlienensis N.T.T.Huong, B.H.Quang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 188: 176 (2014) [wfo-0001341181] A. yachangensis B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang PhytoKeys 153: 51 (2020) [wfo-1000021110]homotypic Isotrema yachangense (B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen PhytoKeys 197: 76 (2022) [wfo-1000030230] synonym Isotrema yachangense (B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen PhytoKeys 197: 76 (2022) [wfo-1000030230]basionym Aristolochia yachangensis B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang PhytoKeys 153: 51 (2020) [wfo-1000021110] A. yalaensis Phuph. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 34: 185 (2006) [wfo-0000506409] A. yangii X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma PhytoKeys 130: 98 (2019) [wfo-1000020495]homotypic Isotrema yangii (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023292] synonym Isotrema yangii (X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma) X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 437: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000023292]basionym Aristolochia yangii X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma PhytoKeys 130: 98 (2019) [wfo-1000020495] A. yujungiana C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Taiwan J. Forest Sci. 29: 293 (2014) [wfo-1000035264]homotypic Isotrema yujungianum (C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032851] synonym Isotrema yujungianum (C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032851]basionym Aristolochia yujungiana C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Taiwan J. Forest Sci. 29: 293 (2014) [wfo-1000035264] A. yungasensis Rusby Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 437 (1907) [wfo-0000548481] A. yunnanensis Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 313 (1898) [wfo-0000548482]homotypic Isotrema yunnanense (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032852] synonym Isotrema yunnanense (Franch.) X.X.Zhu, S.Liao & J.S.Ma Phytotaxa 401: 16 (2019) [wfo-1000032852]basionym Aristolochia yunnanensis Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 313 (1898) [wfo-0000548482] A. zebrina J.Freitas & F.González Nordic J. Bot. 34: 54 (2016) [wfo-0001318319] A. zenkeri Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 490 (1898) [wfo-0000548483]homotypic Pararistolochia zenkeri (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0000392731] synonym Pararistolochia zenkeri (Engl.) Hutch. & Dalziel Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 24 (1928) [wfo-0000392731]basionym Aristolochia zenkeri Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 490 (1898) [wfo-0000548483] A. zhongdianensis J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 339 (1989) [wfo-0000548484] A. zollingeriana Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 1066 (1858) [wfo-0000548485]synonym Aristolochia hastata Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 597 (1859) [wfo-0000547869] synonym Aristolochia kankauensis Sasaki Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 251 (1931) [wfo-0000547939]homotypic Aristolochia roxburghiana subsp. kankauensis (Sasaki) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 135 (1962) [wfo-0000738190] homotypic Aristolochia tagala var. kankaoensis (Sasaki) T.Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 50: 341 (1975) [wfo-0000548380] homotypic Hocquartia kankauensis (Sasaki) Nakai ex Masam. List Vasc. Pl. Taiwan 49 1954 [wfo-0001094599] synonym Aristolochia ramosii Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 29: 478 (1926) [wfo-0000548253] synonym Aristolochia roxburghiana subsp. kankauensis (Sasaki) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 135 (1962) [wfo-0000738190]basionym Aristolochia kankauensis Sasaki Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 251 (1931) [wfo-0000547939] homotypic Aristolochia tagala var. kankaoensis (Sasaki) T.Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 50: 341 (1975) [wfo-0000548380] homotypic Hocquartia kankauensis (Sasaki) Nakai ex Masam. List Vasc. Pl. Taiwan 49 1954 [wfo-0001094599] synonym Aristolochia tagala var. kankaoensis (Sasaki) T.Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 50: 341 (1975) [wfo-0000548380]basionym Aristolochia kankauensis Sasaki Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 251 (1931) [wfo-0000547939] homotypic Aristolochia roxburghiana subsp. kankauensis (Sasaki) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 135 (1962) [wfo-0000738190] homotypic Hocquartia kankauensis (Sasaki) Nakai ex Masam. List Vasc. Pl. Taiwan 49 1954 [wfo-0001094599] synonym Hocquartia kankauensis (Sasaki) Nakai ex Masam. List Vasc. Pl. Taiwan 49 1954 [wfo-0001094599]basionym Aristolochia kankauensis Sasaki Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 21: 251 (1931) [wfo-0000547939] homotypic Aristolochia roxburghiana subsp. kankauensis (Sasaki) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 135 (1962) [wfo-0000738190] homotypic Aristolochia tagala var. kankaoensis (Sasaki) T.Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 50: 341 (1975) [wfo-0000548380] Aristolochia: Unplaced Names
unknown Aristolochia filipendulina L.Planch. Les Aristol. (1891) 137 et 191 sphalm. [wfo-0001319194] unknown Aristolochia cordifolia Glaz. Mém. Soc. Bot. France 3: 577. 1905 [Nov 1905] [wfo-0001247543] valid Aristolochia compta Hoehne Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo, n.s., f.m., 2: 97 (1947) [wfo-0000547684] valid Aristolochia burro Lindm. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 526 (1901) [wfo-0000547618] unknown Aristolochia ginzbergii Ahumada Darwiniana 21(1): 78–80, f. 7 1977 [wfo-0001092177] unknown Aristolochia smilacea L. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1249 1759 [wfo-0001034678] unknown Aristolochia braniciana Andrz. ex Trautv. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada ix. (1884) 155, nomen. [wfo-0001357467] valid Aristolochia campestris Rojas Acosta Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes : 178 (1897) [wfo-0000547624] unknown Aristolochia coerulea Niederl. Bol. Mens. Mus. Prod. Argent. 3, no. 29: 196. 1890 Nomen nudum [wfo-0001351312] valid Aristolochia coriacea Raf. Atlantic J. 1: 146 (1832) [wfo-0000547696] unknown Aristolochia cubensis Linden Cat. Gén. 11(Suppl.): 12 (1856) [wfo-0000547709] valid Aristolochia fastidiosa L.Planch. Aristoloches : 252 (1891) [wfo-0000547784] unknown Aristolochia guadichaudii Klotzsch Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 597 1859 [wfo-0001265364] valid Aristolochia hyperborea Paxton Paxton's Mag. Bot. 6: 53 (1839) [wfo-0000547897] valid Aristolochia lawrenceae N.E.Br. Bot. Mag. 142: t. 8650 (1916) [wfo-0000547962] valid Aristolochia longicaulis Rojas Acosta Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes : 78 (1897) [wfo-0000548000] valid Aristolochia marsupiiflora Schrad. Gött. Gel. Anz. 1: 719 (1821) [wfo-0000548044] valid Aristolochia metriosa Rojas Acosta Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 23: 213 (1914) [wfo-0000548069] valid Aristolochia paraensis L.Planch. Aristoloches : 252 (1891) [wfo-0000548168] unknown Aristolochia parensis Engl. ex Peter Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2): 185, nomen. 1932 [wfo-0001285695] unknown Aristolochia peltibracteata Hoehne Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20(1): 68, t. 60 1927 [wfo-0001094166] valid Aristolochia scandens Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8. : n.° 10 (1768) [wfo-0000548305] deprecated Aristolochia subser. Anthocaulicae F.González Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78(2): 503 (1991). [wfo-2700000444] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Aristolochioides J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 513. 1992 [10 Nov 1992] [wfo-3400009448] valid Aristolochia brevilimba (X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & F.Cao) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 70 (2025) [wfo-1000086621] valid Aristolochia cangshanensis (X.X.Zhu, H.L.Zheng & J.S.Ma) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 71 (2025) [wfo-1000086624] valid Aristolochia cangyuanensis (X.D.Ma & J.Y.Shen) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 7: 467 2024 [wfo-1000076546] valid Aristolochia chilensis Miers Trav. Chile 2: 531 (1826) [wfo-0000547654] deprecated Aristolochia cisneroii Glaz. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58(Mém. 3f): 577. 1911 [wfo-0001417139] valid Aristolochia elevata Gera Nuovo Diz. Univ. Ragion. Agric. 5: 348 (1837) [wfo-1000061277] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Euaristolochia Klotzsch Monatsberichte der K?niglichen Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859 [wfo-3400001707] valid Aristolochia geantha Z.R.Guo & Y.Fan Wang Taiwania 70(2): 295 (2025) [wfo-1000080833] valid Aristolochia glandulosa J.M.Ferrari Oréades 6(10–11): 79 (1977–1978 publ. 1978), without type. [wfo-0000547833] valid Aristolochia guillermoi F.González & Esquerre Phytotaxa 716(2): 146 (2025) [wfo-1000083910] valid Aristolochia haimingii (Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 74 (2025) [wfo-1000086622] valid Aristolochia hei (Lei Cai & X.X.Zhu) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 73 (2025) [wfo-1000086626] deprecated Aristolochia subg. Hexandrae Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 2: 30. 1854 [wfo-3500002702] deprecated Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae (Duch.) F.González Fl. Colombia 12: 82 (1990): [wfo-2700000470] deprecated Aristolochia subsect. Hexandrae (Duch.) F.González Fl. Colombia (1983+) 12: 44. 1990 [wfo-3000002879] deprecated Aristolochia ser. Hexandrae F.González Fl. Ecuador 51: 18. 1994 [wfo-2800004239] deprecated Aristolochia ser. Hexandrae (Duch.) F.González Fl. Colombia 12: 78 (1990): [wfo-2800004238] deprecated Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae F.González Fl. Ecuador 51(58-59): 20. 1994 [wfo-2700000452] deprecated Aristolochia ser. Hexodon (Duch.) J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(5): 350. 1989 [10 Sep 1989] [wfo-2800003473] deprecated Aristolochia hirta Georgi Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(5): 1275 (1800) [wfo-0000547880] valid Aristolochia impressinervia C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 15 (1975) [wfo-0001348499] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Leptosiphisia J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(5): 346. 1989 [10 Sep 1989] [wfo-3400008833] valid Aristolochia leyeensis (Hai L.Chen, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 72 (2025) [wfo-1000086618] valid Aristolochia longa Desf. Fl. Atlant. 2: 325 (1799) [wfo-0000547992] valid Aristolochia longa Woodv. Med. Bot. 2: 294 (1792) [wfo-0000547991] valid Aristolochia longa Thunb. Fl. Jap. : 144 (1784) [wfo-0000547990] valid Aristolochia longa Georgi Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(5): 1274 (1800) [wfo-0000547989] valid Aristolochia longifolia Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 210 (1894) [wfo-0000548004] unknown Aristolochia mexicana Kostel. Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 467 (1833) [wfo-0000548073] valid Aristolochia microphylla Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 68 (1814) [wfo-0000548076] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Obliquosiphisia J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(5): 350. 1989 [10 Sep 1989] [wfo-3400008834] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Odontosiphisia J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(5): 346. 1989 [10 Sep 1989] [wfo-3400008832] deprecated Aristolochia subg. Orthoaristolochia O.C.Schmidt Die Nat?rlichen Pflanzenfamilien ed. 2, 16b 1935 [wfo-3500000427] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Pararistolochia J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 511. 1992 [10 Nov 1992] [wfo-3400009447] deprecated Aristolochia sect. Pararistolochioides J.S.Ma Acta Phytotax. Sin. 30(6): 511. 1992 [10 Nov 1992] [wfo-3400009446] deprecated Aristolochia subsect. Pentandrae Duch. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 2: 30. 1854 [wfo-3000000499] valid Aristolochia phoenixa M.Y.Xue, R.Z.Huang & Han Xu Phytotaxa 708(1): 88 (2025) [wfo-1000083045] valid Aristolochia pistolochia Aucher ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 491 (1864) [wfo-0000548209] valid Aristolochia plagiostoma (X.X.Zhou & R.J.Wang) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 74 (2025) [wfo-1000086619] valid Aristolochia pseudohei (X.X.Zhu, Jun Wang & G.D.Li) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 75 (2025) [wfo-1000086620] valid Aristolochia pubescens Page ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 133 (1840) [wfo-0000548235] valid Aristolochia pulvinata Y.Fan Wang & Z.J.Yin Phytotaxa 675(3): 263 (2024) [wfo-1000077108] valid Aristolochia putalengensis (Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 75 (2025) [wfo-1000086627] valid Aristolochia quangnamensis T.V.Do Ann. Bot. Fenn. 58(4-6): 268 2021 [wfo-1000065783] deprecated Aristolochia reniformis (Duch.) F.González Caldasia 19: 124. 1997 [wfo-0001417141] valid Aristolochia sanheensis Jia Z.Liu, R.Z.Huang & K.Y.Yuan Phytotaxa 666(3): 224 2024 [wfo-1000075772] valid Aristolochia sanyaensis (R.T.Li, X.X.Zhu & Zhi W.Wang) S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 72 (2025) [wfo-1000086623] deprecated Aristolochia ser. Thyrsicae F.González Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78(2): 500 (1991). [wfo-2800003527] valid Aristolochia zhuhaiensis Y.Fan Wang & Z.R.Guo PhytoKeys 254: 63 (2025) [wfo-1000079696] Euglypha Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 138 (1906) [wfo-4000014158]E. rojasiana Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 138 (1906) [wfo-0000681407]homotypic Aristolochia rojasiana (Chodat & Hassl.) F.González Caldasia 19: 123 (1997) [wfo-0000548275] synonym Aristolochia rojasiana (Chodat & Hassl.) F.González Caldasia 19: 123 (1997) [wfo-0000548275]basionym Euglypha rojasiana Chodat & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 6: 138 (1906) [wfo-0000681407] Thottea Rottb. Nye Saml. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 2: 529 (1783) [wfo-4000038257] synonym Asiphonia Griff. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 218 (1844) [wfo-4000003270] synonym Ceramium Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1134 (1826) [wfo-4000007313] synonym Cyclodiscus Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-4000010257] synonym Munnickia Rchb. Consp. Regn. Veg. : 85 (1828) [wfo-4000044865]basionym Vanhallia Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-4000040008] synonym Strakaea C.Presl Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 221 (1851) [wfo-4000036796] synonym Trimeriza Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-4000039209] synonym Vanhallia Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-4000040008]homotypic Munnickia Rchb. Consp. Regn. Veg. : 85 (1828) [wfo-4000044865] T. abrahamii Dan, P.J.Mathew, Unnithan & Pushp. Kew Bull. 51: 179 (1996) [wfo-0000411239] T. adichilthottiana Sunil & Naveen Kum. Webbia 69: 239 (2014) [wfo-0001341466] T. aroangensis T.A.Le, D.Dien & Tagane Phytotaxa 513: 70 (2021) [wfo-1000029271] T. barberi (Gamble) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 315 (1981) [wfo-0000411237]basionym Apama barberi Gamble Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 386 (1924) [wfo-0000539780] synonym Apama barberi Gamble Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 386 (1924) [wfo-0000539780]homotypic Thottea barberi (Gamble) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 315 (1981) [wfo-0000411237] T. dalzellii (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 156 (2009) [wfo-0000745933]basionym Bragantia dalzellii Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000570751] homotypic Apama dalzellii (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539783] synonym Apama dalzellii (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539783]basionym Bragantia dalzellii Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000570751] homotypic Thottea dalzellii (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 156 (2009) [wfo-0000745933] synonym Bragantia dalzellii Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000570751]homotypic Apama dalzellii (Hook.f.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539783] homotypic Thottea dalzellii (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 156 (2009) [wfo-0000745933] T. dependens (Planch.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 589 (1859) [wfo-0001265361]basionym Lobbia dependens Planch. London J. Bot. 6: 144 (1847) [wfo-0001265362] synonym Lobbia dependens Planch. London J. Bot. 6: 144 (1847) [wfo-0001265362]homotypic Thottea dependens (Planch.) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 589 (1859) [wfo-0001265361] T. duchartrei Sivar., A.Babu & Balach. Indian J. Forest. 8: 267 (1985 publ. 1986) [wfo-0000411217] T. grandiflora Rottb. Nye Saml. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 2: 529 (1783) [wfo-0000411226] T. hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 321 (1981) [wfo-0001094606]basionym Apama hainanensis Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 2: 220 (1935) [wfo-0000539784] synonym Apama hainanensis Merr. & Chun Sunyatsenia 2: 220 (1935) [wfo-0000539784]homotypic Thottea hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 321 (1981) [wfo-0001094606] T. idukkiana Pandur. & V.J.Nair J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17: 465 (1993) [wfo-0000411230] T. macrantha (Boerl.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 321 (1981) [wfo-0000411231]basionym Bragantia macrantha Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 64 (1900) [wfo-0000570755] homotypic Apama macrantha (Boerl.) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 234 (1927) [wfo-0000539788] synonym Apama macrantha (Boerl.) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 234 (1927) [wfo-0000539788]basionym Bragantia macrantha Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 64 (1900) [wfo-0000570755] homotypic Thottea macrantha (Boerl.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 321 (1981) [wfo-0000411231] synonym Bragantia macrantha Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 64 (1900) [wfo-0000570755]homotypic Apama macrantha (Boerl.) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 234 (1927) [wfo-0000539788] homotypic Thottea macrantha (Boerl.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 321 (1981) [wfo-0000411231] synonym Thottea hirsuta Ridl. J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 87 (1923) [wfo-0000411229] T. macrophylla Becc. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 5 (1870) [wfo-0000411249]synonym Thottea robusta Steenis Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 12: 205 (1932) [wfo-0000411270] T. parviflora Ridl. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 57: 89 (1911) [wfo-0000411260] T. philippinensis Quisumb. Philipp. J. Sci. 41: 322 (1930) [wfo-0000411264] T. piperiformis (Griff.) Mabb. Blumea 44: 350 (1999) [wfo-0000411265]basionym Asiphonia piperiformis Griff. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 218 (1844) [wfo-0000552027] synonym Apama corymbosa Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539782]basionym Bragantia corymbosa Griff. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 335 (1845) [wfo-0000570750] homotypic Thottea corymbosa Ding Hou Blumea 27: 320 (1981) [wfo-0000411222] synonym Asiphonia piperiformis Griff. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 218 (1844) [wfo-0000552027]homotypic Thottea piperiformis (Griff.) Mabb. Blumea 44: 350 (1999) [wfo-0000411265] synonym Bragantia corymbosa Griff. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 335 (1845) [wfo-0000570750]homotypic Apama corymbosa Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539782] homotypic Thottea corymbosa Ding Hou Blumea 27: 320 (1981) [wfo-0000411222] synonym Bragantia melastomatifolia Duch. Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(1): 429. 1864 [May 1864] [wfo-0000570757] synonym Bragantia melastomifolia (C.Presl) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 429 (1864) [wfo-1200093869]basionym Strakaea melastomifolia C.Presl Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 222 (1851) [wfo-1000061269] synonym Strakaea melastomifolia C.Presl Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 222 (1851) [wfo-1000061269]homotypic Bragantia melastomifolia (C.Presl) Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 429 (1864) [wfo-1200093869] synonym Thottea corymbosa Ding Hou Blumea 27: 320 (1981) [wfo-0000411222]basionym Bragantia corymbosa Griff. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 335 (1845) [wfo-0000570750] homotypic Apama corymbosa Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539782] T. racemosa (Lour.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 326 (1981) [wfo-0000411276]basionym Bragantia racemosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 528 (1790) [wfo-0000570758] homotypic Apama racemosa (Lour.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539789] synonym Apama racemosa (Lour.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539789]basionym Bragantia racemosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 528 (1790) [wfo-0000570758] homotypic Thottea racemosa (Lour.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 326 (1981) [wfo-0000411276] synonym Bragantia racemosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 528 (1790) [wfo-0000570758]homotypic Apama racemosa (Lour.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 63 (1891) [wfo-0000539789] homotypic Thottea racemosa (Lour.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 326 (1981) [wfo-0000411276] T. rhizantha Becc. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 6 (1870) [wfo-0000411259] T. siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 327 (1981) [wfo-0001093436]synonym Apama laurifolia Raf. Sylva Tellur. : 13 (1838) [wfo-0000539785] synonym Apama siliquosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 91 (1783) [wfo-0000539790]homotypic Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 327 (1981) [wfo-0001093436] synonym Bragantia hispida Thwaites ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 430 (1864) [wfo-0000570752] synonym Bragantia wallichii Wight & Arn. Cat. Ind. Pl. : 57 (1833) [wfo-0000570761] synonym Bragantia wallichii R.Br. ex Duchart Prodr. 15(1): 430 1864 [wfo-0000570762] synonym Bragantia wallichii var. brachycarpa Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-1200093891] synonym Bragantia wallichii var. latifolia Duch. Prodr. 15: 430 (1864) [wfo-1200093890] synonym Trimeriza piperina Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000411247] T. sivarajanii E.S.S.Kumar, A.E.S.Khan & Binu Rheedea 10: 117 (2000) [wfo-0000411271]synonym Thottea sivarajanii var. anamalaiana Nazarudeen, G.Rajkumar & Alister Int. J. Advanced Res. 9: 1357 (2021) [wfo-1200027005] T. sumatrana (Merr.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411274]basionym Apama sumatrana Merr. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 23: 178 (1937 publ. 1938) [wfo-0000539791] synonym Apama sumatrana Merr. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 23: 178 (1937 publ. 1938) [wfo-0000539791]homotypic Thottea sumatrana (Merr.) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411274] T. tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Apama affinis (Planch. ex Rolfe) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 235 (1927) [wfo-0000539779]basionym Bragantia affinis Planch. ex Rolfe Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 265 (1913) [wfo-0000570747] synonym Apama brevipes (Merr.) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 235 (1927) [wfo-0000539781]basionym Bragantia brevipes Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 248 (1920 publ. 1921) [wfo-0000570749] synonym Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Apama tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Gamble J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 26 (1912) [wfo-1200093886]basionym Bragantia tomentosa var. lanuginosa Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000746168] homotypic Thottea tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 157 (2009) [wfo-0001383796] synonym Bragantia affinis Planch. ex Rolfe Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 265 (1913) [wfo-0000570747]homotypic Apama affinis (Planch. ex Rolfe) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 235 (1927) [wfo-0000539779] synonym Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Bragantia brevipes Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 248 (1920 publ. 1921) [wfo-0000570749]homotypic Apama brevipes (Merr.) A.Weisse Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 45: 235 (1927) [wfo-0000539781] synonym Bragantia khasiyana Griff. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 336 (1845) [wfo-0000570753] synonym Bragantia latifolia Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570754] synonym Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Bragantia tomentosa var. lanuginosa Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000746168]homotypic Apama tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Gamble J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 26 (1912) [wfo-1200093886] homotypic Thottea tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 157 (2009) [wfo-0001383796] synonym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015]homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Cyclodiscus latifolius Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632097] synonym Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] homotypic Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856] synonym Thottea tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy Fl. Pl. India : 157 (2009) [wfo-0001383796]basionym Bragantia tomentosa var. lanuginosa Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 73 (1886) [wfo-0000746168] homotypic Apama tomentosa var. lanuginosa (Hook.f.) Gamble J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 26 (1912) [wfo-1200093886] synonym Vanhallia tomentosa (Blume) Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: xviii, 166 (1829) [wfo-0000421856]basionym Ceramium tomentosum Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1135 (1827) [wfo-0000595015] homotypic Apama tomentosa (Blume) Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1): 272 (1888) [wfo-0000539792] homotypic Bragantia blumei Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1543 (1832) [wfo-0000570748] homotypic Bragantia tomentosa (Blume) Blume Enum. Pl. Javae : 82 (1827) [wfo-0000570759] homotypic Cyclodiscus tomentosus (Blume) Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 591 (1859) [wfo-0000632098] homotypic Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Blumea 27: 328 (1981) [wfo-0000411251] T. tricornis Maingay ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 74 (1886) [wfo-0000411269] Asaroideae Kostel. Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 459. (1833) [wfo-4100006194]synonym Geotaenium F.Maek. Proc. Pacific Sci. Congr. 5: 217. 1953. [wfo-4000015550] synonym Heterotropa C.Morren & Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 314 (1834) [wfo-4000017796] synonym Japonasarum Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 16 (1936) [wfo-4000019510] A. acuminatum (Ashe) E.P.Bicknell Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 513 (1898) [wfo-0000550757]basionym Asarum canadense var. acuminatum Ashe Bot. Contr. My Herb. 1: 2 (1897) [wfo-0000550781] synonym Asarum canadense var. acuminatum Ashe Bot. Contr. My Herb. 1: 2 (1897) [wfo-0000550781]homotypic Asarum acuminatum (Ashe) E.P.Bicknell Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 513 (1898) [wfo-0000550757] synonym Asarum rubrocinctum Peattie J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 44: 192 (1929) [wfo-0000550954] A. ampulliflorum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Phytotaxa 184: 47 (2014) [wfo-0001340972] A. arifolium Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 279 (1803) [wfo-0000550763]homotypic Heterotropa arifolia (Michx.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721650] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093417] synonym Heterotropa arifolia (Michx.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721650]basionym Asarum arifolium Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 279 (1803) [wfo-0000550763] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093417] synonym Hexastylis arifolia (Michx.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093417]basionym Asarum arifolium Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 279 (1803) [wfo-0000550763] homotypic Heterotropa arifolia (Michx.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721650] A. arifolium var. callifolium (Small) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550764]basionym Asarum callifolium Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 334 (1897) [wfo-0000550777] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. callifolia (Small) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094508] homotypic Hexastylis callifolia Small Fl. S.E. U.S. : 1131 (1903) [wfo-0001093679] synonym Asarum callifolium Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 334 (1897) [wfo-0000550777]homotypic Asarum arifolium var. callifolium (Small) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550764] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. callifolia (Small) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094508] homotypic Hexastylis callifolia Small Fl. S.E. U.S. : 1131 (1903) [wfo-0001093679] synonym Hexastylis arifolia var. callifolia (Small) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094508]basionym Asarum callifolium Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 334 (1897) [wfo-0000550777] homotypic Asarum arifolium var. callifolium (Small) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550764] homotypic Hexastylis callifolia Small Fl. S.E. U.S. : 1131 (1903) [wfo-0001093679] synonym Hexastylis callifolia Small Fl. S.E. U.S. : 1131 (1903) [wfo-0001093679]basionym Asarum callifolium Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 334 (1897) [wfo-0000550777] homotypic Asarum arifolium var. callifolium (Small) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550764] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. callifolia (Small) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094508] A. arifolium var. ruthii (Ashe) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550765]basionym Asarum ruthii Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 35 (1897) [wfo-0000550955] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii (Ashe) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094492] homotypic Hexastylis ruthii Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001091779] synonym Asarum ruthii Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 35 (1897) [wfo-0000550955]homotypic Asarum arifolium var. ruthii (Ashe) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550765] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii (Ashe) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094492] homotypic Hexastylis ruthii Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001091779] synonym Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii (Ashe) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094492]basionym Asarum ruthii Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 35 (1897) [wfo-0000550955] homotypic Asarum arifolium var. ruthii (Ashe) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550765] homotypic Hexastylis ruthii Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001091779] synonym Hexastylis ruthii Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001091779]basionym Asarum ruthii Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 35 (1897) [wfo-0000550955] homotypic Asarum arifolium var. ruthii (Ashe) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550765] homotypic Hexastylis arifolia var. ruthii (Ashe) H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 268 (1957) [wfo-0001094492] A. asaroides (C.Morren & Decne.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 297 (1910) [wfo-0000550767]basionym Heterotropa asaroides C.Morren & Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 314 (1834) [wfo-0000721652] homotypic Asarum japonicum Siebold ex Jacob-Makoy Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 1836: 28 (1836) [wfo-1200093923] synonym Asarum japonicum Siebold ex Jacob-Makoy Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 1836: 28 (1836) [wfo-1200093923]basionym Heterotropa asaroides C.Morren & Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 314 (1834) [wfo-0000721652] homotypic Asarum asaroides (C.Morren & Decne.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 297 (1910) [wfo-0000550767] synonym Asarum thunbergii A.Braun Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1861(App.): 13 (1862) [wfo-0000550990] synonym Heterotropa asaroides C.Morren & Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 314 (1834) [wfo-0000721652]homotypic Asarum asaroides (C.Morren & Decne.) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 297 (1910) [wfo-0000550767] homotypic Asarum japonicum Siebold ex Jacob-Makoy Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 1836: 28 (1836) [wfo-1200093923] A. asperum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 573 (1932) [wfo-0000550768]homotypic Heterotropa aspera (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 368 (1933) [wfo-0001091873] synonym Heterotropa aspera (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 368 (1933) [wfo-0001091873]basionym Asarum asperum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 573 (1932) [wfo-0000550768] A. asperum var. asperum Unknown [wfo-1200093907]synonym Asarum constrictum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 576 (1932) [wfo-0000550809]homotypic Heterotropa constricta (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 367 (1933) [wfo-0001270284] synonym Asarum minus F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 575 (1932) [wfo-0000550919] synonym Asarum oblongum (F.Maek.) O.C.Schmidt Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 16b: 231 (1935) [wfo-1000061276]basionym Heterotropa oblonga F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 370 (1933) [wfo-0000721675] synonym Heterotropa constricta (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 367 (1933) [wfo-0001270284]basionym Asarum constrictum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 576 (1932) [wfo-0000550809] synonym Heterotropa oblonga F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 370 (1933) [wfo-0000721675]homotypic Asarum oblongum (F.Maek.) O.C.Schmidt Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 16b: 231 (1935) [wfo-1000061276] A. asperum var. geaster (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 375 (2006) [wfo-0000506411]basionym Heterotropa geaster F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 11 (1985) [wfo-0000721658] synonym Heterotropa geaster F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 11 (1985) [wfo-0000721658]homotypic Asarum asperum var. geaster (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 375 (2006) [wfo-0000506411] A. bashanense Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 50 (1985) [wfo-0000550771] A. blumei Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 427 (1864) [wfo-0000550772]homotypic Heterotropa blumei (Duch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 40 (1933) [wfo-0001091880] synonym Asarum albivenium Regel Gartenflora 13: 295 (1864) [wfo-0000550759] synonym Asarum leucodictyon Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 135 (1865) [wfo-0000550892] synonym Heterotropa blumei (Duch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 40 (1933) [wfo-0001091880]basionym Asarum blumei Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 427 (1864) [wfo-0000550772] A. campaniflorum Yong Wang & Q.F.Wang Novon 14: 239 (2004) [wfo-0000550778] A. canadense L. Sp. Pl. : 422 (1753) [wfo-0000550779]synonym Asarum canadense var. acutifolium Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 264 (1828) [wfo-0001381399] synonym Asarum canadense var. macrophyllum Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 264 (1828) [wfo-0001398911] synonym Asarum canadense var. obtusum Muhl. Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. : 46 (1813) [wfo-0000550783] synonym Asarum canadense f. phelpsiae Fernald Rhodora 40: 333 (1938) [wfo-0000550784] synonym Asarum canadense f. prattii Fassett Torreya 42: 180 (1943) [wfo-0000550785] synonym Asarum canadense var. pumilum Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 264 (1828) [wfo-0001398912] synonym Asarum carolinianum Walter Fl. Carol. : 143 (1788) [wfo-0000550788] synonym Asarum latifolium Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 344 (1796) [wfo-0000550888] synonym Asarum villosum Muhl. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 424 (1864) [wfo-0000551002] synonym Asarum ypsilantense Walpole Fl. Washtenaw Co. : 33 (1924) [wfo-0000551015] A. cardiophyllum Franch. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 65 (1895) [wfo-0000550787]homotypic Asarum caudigerum var. cardiophyllum (Franch.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 568 (1983) [wfo-0000550796] synonym Asarum caudigerum var. cardiophyllum (Franch.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 568 (1983) [wfo-0000550796]basionym Asarum cardiophyllum Franch. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 65 (1895) [wfo-0000550787] A. caucasicum (Duch.) N.Busch Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 11: 58 (1909) [wfo-0000550789]basionym Asarum europaeum var. caucasicum Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 423 (1864) [wfo-0000550829] homotypic Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum (Duch.) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 111 (1966) [wfo-0000550830] synonym Asarum europaeum var. caucasicum Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 423 (1864) [wfo-0000550829]homotypic Asarum caucasicum (Duch.) N.Busch Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 11: 58 (1909) [wfo-0000550789] homotypic Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum (Duch.) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 111 (1966) [wfo-0000550830] synonym Asarum europaeum subsp. caucasicum (Duch.) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 111 (1966) [wfo-0000550830]basionym Asarum europaeum var. caucasicum Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 423 (1864) [wfo-0000550829] homotypic Asarum caucasicum (Duch.) N.Busch Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 11: 58 (1909) [wfo-0000550789] synonym Asarum europaeum var. intermedium C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 553 (1849) [wfo-0000738202]homotypic Asarum intermedium (C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.) Grossh. Fl. Kavkaza 2: 36 (1930) [wfo-0000550878] synonym Asarum europaeum var. intermedium C.A.Mey. ex Domin Russk. Bot. Zhurn. 21: 20 1911 [wfo-0001093891] synonym Asarum ibericum Steven ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 3(2,10): 553. 1850 [Nov 1850] [wfo-0000550871] synonym Asarum ibericum Steven ex N.A.Ivanova Fl. URSS 5: 434 (1936) [wfo-1000061275] synonym Asarum intermedium (C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.) Grossh. Fl. Kavkaza 2: 36 (1930) [wfo-0000550878]basionym Asarum europaeum var. intermedium C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 553 (1849) [wfo-0000738202] A. caudatum Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1399 (1831) [wfo-0000550790]synonym Asarum caudatum f. chloroleucum R.Palmer Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 193 (1928) [wfo-0000550792] synonym Asarum hookeri Fielding & Gardner Sert. Pl. 1: t. xxxii (1844) [wfo-0000550867] synonym Asarum rotundifolium Raf. New Fl. 2: 21 (1837) [wfo-0000550952] A. caudigerellum C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 571 (1983) [wfo-0000550794] A. caudigerum Hance J. Bot. 19: 142 (1881) [wfo-0000550795]synonym Asarum arrhizoma H.Lév. & Vaniot Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 101 (1908) [wfo-0000550766] synonym Asarum caudigerum var. leptophyllum (Hayata) S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 30(2): 64 (1990) [wfo-0000550797]basionym Asarum leptophyllum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 147 (1915) [wfo-0000550890] homotypic Asarum caudigerum f. leptophyllum (Hayata) W.J.Wu, J.F.Wang & Z.H.Chen J. Zhejiang Forest. Sci. Technol. 41(5): 83 (2021) [wfo-1200008397] synonym Asarum caudigerum f. leptophyllum (Hayata) W.J.Wu, J.F.Wang & Z.H.Chen J. Zhejiang Forest. Sci. Technol. 41(5): 83 (2021) [wfo-1200008397]basionym Asarum leptophyllum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 147 (1915) [wfo-0000550890] homotypic Asarum caudigerum var. leptophyllum (Hayata) S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 30(2): 64 (1990) [wfo-0000550797] synonym Asarum caudigerum var. triangulare (Hayata) S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 31(1): 33 (1991) [wfo-0000550798]basionym Asarum leptophyllum var. triangulare Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 148 (1915) [wfo-0000550891] synonym Asarum leptophyllum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 147 (1915) [wfo-0000550890]homotypic Asarum caudigerum var. leptophyllum (Hayata) S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 30(2): 64 (1990) [wfo-0000550797] homotypic Asarum caudigerum f. leptophyllum (Hayata) W.J.Wu, J.F.Wang & Z.H.Chen J. Zhejiang Forest. Sci. Technol. 41(5): 83 (2021) [wfo-1200008397] synonym Asarum leptophyllum var. triangulare Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 148 (1915) [wfo-0000550891]homotypic Asarum caudigerum var. triangulare (Hayata) S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 31(1): 33 (1991) [wfo-0000550798] A. caulescens Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 17: 162 (1872) [wfo-0000550799]homotypic Japonasarum caulescens (Maxim.) Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 17 (1936) [wfo-0001094605] synonym Asarum brevistylum Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 301 (1898) [wfo-0000550776] synonym Asarum caulescens f. geroensis J.Ohara J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 33: 72 (1985) [wfo-0000550800] synonym Asarum franchetianum Diels Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 308 (1900) [wfo-0000550838] synonym Japonasarum caulescens (Maxim.) Nakai Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 17 (1936) [wfo-0001094605]basionym Asarum caulescens Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 17: 162 (1872) [wfo-0000550799] A. celsum F.Maek. ex Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 3 (1988) [wfo-0000550804] A. chatienshanianum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 50: 230 (2009) [wfo-0000743324] A. chengkouense Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 54 (1985) [wfo-0000550805] A. chinense Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 303 (1898) [wfo-0000550806]synonym Asarum chinense f. fargesii (Franch.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang Fl. Hupeh. 1: 206 (1976) [wfo-0001272015]basionym Asarum fargesii Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 306 (1898) [wfo-0000550833] synonym Asarum fargesii Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 306 (1898) [wfo-0000550833]homotypic Asarum chinense f. fargesii (Franch.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang Fl. Hupeh. 1: 206 (1976) [wfo-0001272015] synonym Asarum wulongense Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8: 277 (1986) [wfo-0000551009] A. chueyi Sinn Phytotaxa 224: 92 (2015) [wfo-0001343366]homotypic Hexastylis chueyi (Sinn) Weakley & D.B.Poind. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14: 202 (2020) [wfo-1000023140] synonym Hexastylis chueyi (Sinn) Weakley & D.B.Poind. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14: 202 (2020) [wfo-1000023140] A. contractum (H.L.Blomq.) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550810]basionym Hexastylis contracta H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 279 (1957) [wfo-0001093709] synonym Asarum rhombiformis (Gaddy) Sinn Amer. J. Bot. 102: 779 (2015) [wfo-1000041161]basionym Hexastylis rhombiformis Gaddy Brittonia 38: 82 (1986) [wfo-0001093330] synonym Hexastylis contracta H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 279 (1957) [wfo-0001093709]homotypic Asarum contractum (H.L.Blomq.) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550810] synonym Hexastylis rhombiformis Gaddy Brittonia 38: 82 (1986) [wfo-0001093330]homotypic Asarum rhombiformis (Gaddy) Sinn Amer. J. Bot. 102: 779 (2015) [wfo-1000041161] A. cordifolium C.E.C.Fisch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 241 (1930) [wfo-0000550811] A. costatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 373 (2006) [wfo-0000506412]basionym Heterotropa costata F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 178 (1933) [wfo-0000721653] homotypic Asarum costatum Maekawa ex Nemoto Fl. Jap. Suppl. 159 (1936), in syn. [wfo-0000550812] synonym Heterotropa costata F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 178 (1933) [wfo-0000721653]homotypic Asarum costatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 373 (2006) [wfo-0000506412] homotypic Asarum costatum Maekawa ex Nemoto Fl. Jap. Suppl. 159 (1936), in syn. [wfo-0000550812] A. crassisepalum S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang Taiwania 40: 100 (1995) [wfo-0000550815] A. crassum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 568 (1932) [wfo-0000550816]homotypic Heterotropa crassa (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 284 (1933) [wfo-0001270267] synonym Heterotropa crassa (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 284 (1933) [wfo-0001270267]basionym Asarum crassum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 568 (1932) [wfo-0000550816] A. crispulatum C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 585 (1983) [wfo-0000550817] A. curvistigma F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 581 (1932) [wfo-0000550818]homotypic Heterotropa curvistigma (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 505 (1933) [wfo-0001091886] synonym Heterotropa curvistigma (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 505 (1933) [wfo-0001091886]basionym Asarum curvistigma F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 581 (1932) [wfo-0000550818] A. delavayi Franch. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 66 (1895) [wfo-0000550821]synonym Asarum maekawae H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 59: 233 (1984) [wfo-0000550905] A. dilatatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 385 (2006) [wfo-0000506413]basionym Heterotropa dilatata F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 508 (1933) [wfo-0000721654] synonym Heterotropa dilatata F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 508 (1933) [wfo-0000721654]homotypic Asarum dilatatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 385 (2006) [wfo-0000506413] A. dissitum F.Maek. ex Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 1 (1988) [wfo-0000550824] A. epigynum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 140 (1915) [wfo-0000550827]homotypic Geotaenium epigynum (Hayata) F.Maek. Proc. Sixth Pacific Sci. Congr. 5: 217 1953 [wfo-0001242404] synonym Geotaenium epigynum (Hayata) F.Maek. Proc. Sixth Pacific Sci. Congr. 5: 217 1953 [wfo-0001242404]basionym Asarum epigynum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 140 (1915) [wfo-0000550827] A. europaeum L. Sp. Pl. : 442 (1753) [wfo-0000550828]A. europaeum subsp. europaeum Unknown [wfo-1200093908]synonym Asarum europaeum var. andreanszkyi Pénzes Borbásia 1: 72 (1939) [wfo-0000738201] synonym Asarum europaeum f. patens Domin Russk. Bot. Zhurn. 21: 22 (1911) [wfo-0000738198] synonym Asarum europaeum f. pseudocapsicum Pawł. Fl. Tatr. 1: 266 (1956) [wfo-0000738199] synonym Asarum europaeum var. romanicum Kukkonen & Uotila Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14: 138 (1977) [wfo-0000550832] synonym Asarum lucidum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 344 (1796) [wfo-0000550897] synonym Asarum officinale Moench Methodus : 292 (1794) [wfo-0000550932] synonym Asarum renifolium Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 5 (1812) [wfo-0000550946] synonym Asarum reniforme Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 424 (1792) [wfo-0000550947] synonym Asarum rotundifolium St.-Lag. Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 720 (1889) [wfo-0000550953] A. europaeum subsp. italicum Kukkonen & Uotila Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14: 139 (1977) [wfo-0000550831]homotypic Asarum italicum (Kukkonen & Uotila) Landolt Fl. Indicativa : 268 (2010) [wfo-0000748623] synonym Asarum italicum (Kukkonen & Uotila) Landolt Fl. Indicativa : 268 (2010) [wfo-0000748623]basionym Asarum europaeum subsp. italicum Kukkonen & Uotila Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14: 139 (1977) [wfo-0000550831] A. fauriei Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 306 (1898) [wfo-0000550834]homotypic Heterotropa fauriei (Franch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0001272440] synonym Heterotropa fauriei (Franch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0001272440]basionym Asarum fauriei Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 306 (1898) [wfo-0000550834] A. fauriei var. nakaianum (F.Maek.) Ohwi Fl. Jap. new ed.: 529 (1975) [wfo-0000550836]basionym Asarum nakaianum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 576 (1932) [wfo-0000550924] homotypic Heterotropa nakaiana (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721672] synonym Asarum nakaianum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 576 (1932) [wfo-0000550924]homotypic Asarum fauriei var. nakaianum (F.Maek.) Ohwi Fl. Jap. new ed.: 529 (1975) [wfo-0000550836] homotypic Heterotropa nakaiana (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721672] synonym Heterotropa nakaiana (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721672]basionym Asarum nakaianum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 576 (1932) [wfo-0000550924] homotypic Asarum fauriei var. nakaianum (F.Maek.) Ohwi Fl. Jap. new ed.: 529 (1975) [wfo-0000550836] A. fauriei var. stoloniferum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506414]basionym Asarum stoloniferum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550982] homotypic Heterotropa stolonifera (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 165 (1936) [wfo-0000721684] synonym Asarum stoloniferum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550982]homotypic Asarum fauriei var. stoloniferum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506414] homotypic Heterotropa stolonifera (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 165 (1936) [wfo-0000721684] synonym Heterotropa stolonifera (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 165 (1936) [wfo-0000721684]basionym Asarum stoloniferum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550982] homotypic Asarum fauriei var. stoloniferum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506414] A. fauriei var. takaoi (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506416]basionym Asarum takaoi F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550987] homotypic Heterotropa takaoi (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000721686] synonym Asarum hisauchii F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 577 (1932) [wfo-0000550864]homotypic Heterotropa hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0000721659] homotypic Heterotropa takaoi var. hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex H.Ohba J. Jap. Bot. 64: 230 (1989) [wfo-1200093919] synonym Asarum takaoi F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550987]homotypic Asarum fauriei var. takaoi (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506416] homotypic Heterotropa takaoi (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000721686] synonym Asarum takaoi var. austrokiiense (Kinosh.) Yonek. J. Jap. Bot. 86: 232 (2011) [wfo-0001384799]basionym Heterotropa takaoi var. austrokiiensis Kinosh. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 38: 7 (1990) [wfo-0001389426] synonym Heterotropa hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0000721659]basionym Asarum hisauchii F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 577 (1932) [wfo-0000550864] homotypic Heterotropa takaoi var. hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex H.Ohba J. Jap. Bot. 64: 230 (1989) [wfo-1200093919] synonym Heterotropa takaoi (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000721686]basionym Asarum takaoi F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 578 (1932) [wfo-0000550987] homotypic Asarum fauriei var. takaoi (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 386 (2006) [wfo-0000506416] synonym Heterotropa takaoi var. austrokiiensis Kinosh. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 38: 7 (1990) [wfo-0001389426]homotypic Asarum takaoi var. austrokiiense (Kinosh.) Yonek. J. Jap. Bot. 86: 232 (2011) [wfo-0001384799] synonym Heterotropa takaoi var. hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex H.Ohba J. Jap. Bot. 64: 230 (1989) [wfo-1200093919]basionym Asarum hisauchii F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 577 (1932) [wfo-0000550864] homotypic Heterotropa hisauchii (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0000721659] A. forbesii Maxim. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 31: 92 (1886) [wfo-0000550837] A. fudsinoi T.Itô Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, Biol. 1: 45 (1924) [wfo-0000550839]homotypic Heterotropa fudsinoi (T.Itô) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0000721655] synonym Heterotropa fudsinoi (T.Itô) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0000721655]basionym Asarum fudsinoi T.Itô Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, Biol. 1: 45 (1924) [wfo-0000550839] A. fukienense C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 581 (1983) [wfo-0000550840] A. gelasinum Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 1 (1988) [wfo-0000550842] A. geophilum Hemsl. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 7: 442 (1890) [wfo-0000550843]synonym Asarum cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 78 (1910) [wfo-0000550803] synonym Asarum cavaleriei var. esquirolii H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 451 (1911) [wfo-0000738197] synonym Asarum taiwanense S.S.Ying Mem. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 30(2): 54 (1990) [wfo-0000550986] A. gusk Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 5 (1988) [wfo-0000550852] A. harperi (Gaddy) Diamond Phytoneuron 2016-9: 1 (2016) [wfo-0001347351]basionym Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. harperi Gaddy Sida 12: 54 (1987) [wfo-0001410650] homotypic Asarum shuttleworthii var. harperi (Gaddy) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0001409778] homotypic Hexastylis harperi (Gaddy) B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenp. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 317 (2015) [wfo-0001330357] synonym Asarum shuttleworthii var. harperi (Gaddy) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0001409778]basionym Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. harperi Gaddy Sida 12: 54 (1987) [wfo-0001410650] homotypic Asarum harperi (Gaddy) Diamond Phytoneuron 2016-9: 1 (2016) [wfo-0001347351] homotypic Hexastylis harperi (Gaddy) B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenp. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 317 (2015) [wfo-0001330357] synonym Hexastylis harperi (Gaddy) B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenp. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 317 (2015) [wfo-0001330357]basionym Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. harperi Gaddy Sida 12: 54 (1987) [wfo-0001410650] homotypic Asarum harperi (Gaddy) Diamond Phytoneuron 2016-9: 1 (2016) [wfo-0001347351] homotypic Asarum shuttleworthii var. harperi (Gaddy) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0001409778] synonym Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. harperi Gaddy Sida 12: 54 (1987) [wfo-0001410650]homotypic Asarum harperi (Gaddy) Diamond Phytoneuron 2016-9: 1 (2016) [wfo-0001347351] homotypic Asarum shuttleworthii var. harperi (Gaddy) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0001409778] homotypic Hexastylis harperi (Gaddy) B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenp. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 317 (2015) [wfo-0001330357] A. hartwegii S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 346 (1875) [wfo-0000550853]basionym Asarum hookeri var. majus Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 424 (1864) [wfo-0000550868] homotypic Asarum majus (Duch.) Coville Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 192 (1893) [wfo-0000550908] synonym Asarum hookeri var. majus Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 424 (1864) [wfo-0000550868]homotypic Asarum hartwegii S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 346 (1875) [wfo-0000550853] homotypic Asarum majus (Duch.) Coville Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 192 (1893) [wfo-0000550908] synonym Asarum majus (Duch.) Coville Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 192 (1893) [wfo-0000550908]basionym Asarum hookeri var. majus Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 424 (1864) [wfo-0000550868] homotypic Asarum hartwegii S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 346 (1875) [wfo-0000550853] A. hatsushimae F.Maek. ex Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 3 (1988) [wfo-0000550854] A. heterophyllum Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 33 (1897) [wfo-0000550856]homotypic Hexastylis heterophylla (Ashe) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 347 (1901) [wfo-0001093677] synonym Asarum heterophyllum var. ochranthum Ashe Bot. Contr. My Herb. 1: 3 (1897) [wfo-0000550858] synonym Hexastylis heterophylla (Ashe) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 347 (1901) [wfo-0001093677]basionym Asarum heterophyllum Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 33 (1897) [wfo-0000550856] A. heterotropoides F.Schmidt Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. : 171 (1868) [wfo-0000550859]homotypic Asarum sieboldii subsp. heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-1200093868] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 19 (1936) [wfo-0000551979] synonym Asarum glabratum (C.S.Yook, J.G.Kim & J.Nam) B.U.Oh Endemic Vasc. Pl. Kor. Pen. : 24 (2005) [wfo-1000061286]basionym Asiasarum heterotropoides f. glabratum C.S.Yook, J.G.Kim & J.Nam Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 344 (1996) [wfo-0000551980] synonym Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. Lin. Fl. Manshur. : 174 (1939) [wfo-0000747126]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum Maxim. Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 399 (1872) [wfo-0000550966] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum (Maxim.) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 141 (2008) [wfo-0000508425] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000738204] synonym Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205] synonym Asarum heterotropoides f. viride (Sugaya) Yamaji & Ter.Nakam. J. Jap. Bot. 82: 98 (2007) [wfo-0000506417]basionym Asiasarum heterotropoides f. viride Sugaya Ecol. Rev. 14: 52 (1955) [wfo-0000506428] synonym Asarum mandshuricum (Maxim.) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 141 (2008) [wfo-0000508425]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum Maxim. Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 399 (1872) [wfo-0000550966] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. Lin. Fl. Manshur. : 174 (1939) [wfo-0000747126] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000738204] synonym Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205] synonym Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205] synonym Asarum mandshuricum f. viride (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093888]basionym Asarum sieboldii f. viride Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 18 (2000) [wfo-0000550972] synonym Asarum patens (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee ex B.U.Oh, D.G.Jo, K.S.Kim & C.G.Jang Endemic Vasc. Pl. Korean Penins. 26 (2005) [wfo-1200010654]basionym Asiasarum patens Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 3 (1996) [wfo-0000551983] homotypic Asarum patens (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-0000550936] synonym Asarum patens (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-0000550936]basionym Asiasarum patens Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 3 (1996) [wfo-0000551983] homotypic Asarum patens (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee ex B.U.Oh, D.G.Jo, K.S.Kim & C.G.Jang Endemic Vasc. Pl. Korean Penins. 26 (2005) [wfo-1200010654] synonym Asarum patens var. flavi-viride Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 9 (2005) [wfo-0001382821] synonym Asarum sieboldii subsp. heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-1200093868]basionym Asarum heterotropoides F.Schmidt Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. : 171 (1868) [wfo-0000550859] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 19 (1936) [wfo-0000551979] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum Maxim. Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 399 (1872) [wfo-0000550966]homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. Lin. Fl. Manshur. : 174 (1939) [wfo-0000747126] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum (Maxim.) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 141 (2008) [wfo-0000508425] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000738204] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969]homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283] homotypic Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. viride Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 18 (2000) [wfo-0000550972]homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. viride (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093888] synonym Asiasarum heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 19 (1936) [wfo-0000551979]basionym Asarum heterotropoides F.Schmidt Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. : 171 (1868) [wfo-0000550859] homotypic Asarum sieboldii subsp. heterotropoides (F.Schmidt) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-1200093868] synonym Asiasarum heterotropoides f. glabratum C.S.Yook, J.G.Kim & J.Nam Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 344 (1996) [wfo-0000551980]homotypic Asarum glabratum (C.S.Yook, J.G.Kim & J.Nam) B.U.Oh Endemic Vasc. Pl. Kor. Pen. : 24 (2005) [wfo-1000061286] synonym Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000738204]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum Maxim. Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 399 (1872) [wfo-0000550966] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. Lin. Fl. Manshur. : 174 (1939) [wfo-0000747126] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum (Maxim.) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 141 (2008) [wfo-0000508425] synonym Asiasarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 20 (1936) [wfo-0000738205]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550969] homotypic Asarum heterotropoides var. seoulense (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur. : 227 (1979) [wfo-0000550860] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum f. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 139 (2008) [wfo-0000508427] homotypic Asarum mandshuricum var. seoulense (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 55 (2017) [wfo-1200094283] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. seoulense (Nakai) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 577 (1983) [wfo-0000550970] synonym Asiasarum heterotropoides f. viride Sugaya Ecol. Rev. 14: 52 (1955) [wfo-0000506428]homotypic Asarum heterotropoides f. viride (Sugaya) Yamaji & Ter.Nakam. J. Jap. Bot. 82: 98 (2007) [wfo-0000506417] synonym Asiasarum patens Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 3 (1996) [wfo-0000551983]homotypic Asarum patens (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-0000550936] homotypic Asarum patens (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee ex B.U.Oh, D.G.Jo, K.S.Kim & C.G.Jang Endemic Vasc. Pl. Korean Penins. 26 (2005) [wfo-1200010654] A. hexalobum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 566 (1932) [wfo-0000550861]homotypic Heterotropa hexaloba (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 281 (1933) [wfo-0001093370] synonym Heterotropa hexaloba (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 281 (1933) [wfo-0001093370]basionym Asarum hexalobum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 566 (1932) [wfo-0000550861] A. hexalobum var. controversum Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 71 (1989) [wfo-0001389388] A. hexalobum var. perfectum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 567 (1932) [wfo-1200011179]homotypic Heterotropa hexaloba var. perfecta (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 283 (1933) [wfo-1200093873] synonym Heterotropa hexaloba var. perfecta (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 283 (1933) [wfo-1200093873]basionym Asarum hexalobum var. perfectum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 567 (1932) [wfo-1200011179] A. himalaicum Hook.f. & Thomson ex Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 585 (1859) [wfo-0000550862] A. hongkongense S.M.Hwang & Wong Sui Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 406 (1990) [wfo-0000550866] A. hypogynum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 144 (1915) [wfo-0000550870]homotypic Heterotropa hypogyna (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0001242407] synonym Asarum grandiflorum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 141 (1915) [wfo-0000550850]homotypic Asarum hayatanum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0000550855] homotypic Heterotropa hayatana F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 34 (1936) [wfo-0001242405] synonym Asarum grandiflorum var. colocasiifolium Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 144 (1915) [wfo-0000738203]homotypic Heterotropa hayatana f. colocasiifolia (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 160 (1936) [wfo-0001242406] synonym Asarum hayatanum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0000550855]basionym Asarum grandiflorum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 141 (1915) [wfo-0000550850] homotypic Heterotropa hayatana F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 34 (1936) [wfo-0001242405] synonym Heterotropa hayatana F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 34 (1936) [wfo-0001242405]basionym Asarum grandiflorum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 141 (1915) [wfo-0000550850] homotypic Asarum hayatanum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0000550855] synonym Heterotropa hayatana f. colocasiifolia (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 160 (1936) [wfo-0001242406]basionym Asarum grandiflorum var. colocasiifolium Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 144 (1915) [wfo-0000738203] synonym Heterotropa hypogyna (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0001242407]basionym Asarum hypogynum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 144 (1915) [wfo-0000550870] A. ichangense C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 579 (1983) [wfo-0000550872] A. ikegamii (F.Maek. ex Y.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 15 (1998) [wfo-0000550873]basionym Heterotropa ikegamii F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 63: 36 (1988) [wfo-0001244778] synonym Heterotropa ikegamii F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 63: 36 (1988) [wfo-0001244778]homotypic Asarum ikegamii (F.Maek. ex Y.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 15 (1998) [wfo-0000550873] A. ikegamii var. fujimakii T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 15 (1998) [wfo-0001370206] A. inflatum C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 589 (1983) [wfo-0000550874]synonym Asarum dabieshanense D.Q.Wang & S.H.Hwang Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(2): 23 (1991) [wfo-0000550819] A. insigne Diels Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 885 (1930) [wfo-0000550877]synonym Asarum gracilipes C.S.Yang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 19 (1975) [wfo-0000550845] synonym Asarum longipedunculatum C.E.Schmidt Sunyatsenia 1: 121 (1933) [wfo-0000550895] A. kinoshitae (F.Maek. ex Kinosh.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 380 (2006) [wfo-0000506418]basionym Heterotropa kinoshitae F.Maek. ex Kinosh. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 69 (1989) [wfo-0000721660] synonym Heterotropa kinoshitae F.Maek. ex Kinosh. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 69 (1989) [wfo-0000721660]homotypic Asarum kinoshitae (F.Maek. ex Kinosh.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 380 (2006) [wfo-0000506418] A. kiusianum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 569 (1932) [wfo-0000550880]homotypic Heterotropa kiusiana (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 242 (1933) [wfo-0001270259] synonym Asarum melanosiphon F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570 (1932) [wfo-0000550912]homotypic Heterotropa melanosiphon (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 245 (1933) [wfo-0001270266] synonym Asarum tubulosum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 568 (1932) [wfo-0000550995]homotypic Heterotropa tubulosa (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 166 (1936) [wfo-0000721688] synonym Asarum yamashiroi Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 433 (1968) [wfo-0000551013] synonym Heterotropa kiusiana (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 242 (1933) [wfo-0001270259]basionym Asarum kiusianum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 569 (1932) [wfo-0000550880] synonym Heterotropa melanosiphon (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 245 (1933) [wfo-0001270266]basionym Asarum melanosiphon F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570 (1932) [wfo-0000550912] synonym Heterotropa tubulosa (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 166 (1936) [wfo-0000721688]basionym Asarum tubulosum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 568 (1932) [wfo-0000550995] A. kooyanum Makino J. Jap. Bot. 7: 20 (1931) [wfo-0000550881]homotypic Heterotropa kooyana (Makino) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 162 (1936) [wfo-0000721661] synonym Heterotropa kooyana (Makino) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 162 (1936) [wfo-0000721661]basionym Asarum kooyanum Makino J. Jap. Bot. 7: 20 (1931) [wfo-0000550881] A. koreanum J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook ex B.U.Oh Phytotaxa 429: 174 (2020) [wfo-1000021117] A. kumageanum Masam. Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11: 168 (1934) [wfo-0000550884]homotypic Heterotropa kumageana (Masam.) F.Maek. ex Yahara J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14: 81 (1987) [wfo-0000721663] synonym Heterotropa kumageana (Masam.) F.Maek. ex Yahara J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14: 81 (1987) [wfo-0000721663]basionym Asarum kumageanum Masam. Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11: 168 (1934) [wfo-0000550884] A. kurosawae Sugim. J. Geobot. 16: 49 (1968) [wfo-0000550887]homotypic Heterotropa kurosawae (Sugim.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 59 (1989) [wfo-0000721665] synonym Heterotropa kurosawae (Sugim.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 59 (1989) [wfo-0000721665]basionym Asarum kurosawae Sugim. J. Geobot. 16: 49 (1968) [wfo-0000550887] A. lemmonii S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 294 (1879) [wfo-0000550889] A. leucosepalum Hatus. ex Yamahata J. Jap. Bot. 69: 399 (1994) [wfo-0000550893] A. lewisii Fernald Rhodora 45: 398 (1943) [wfo-0000550894]homotypic Hexastylis lewisii (Fernald) H.L.Blomq. & Oosting Spring Fl. Piedm. N. Carol. : 50 (1948) [wfo-0001093422] synonym Hexastylis lewisii (Fernald) H.L.Blomq. & Oosting Spring Fl. Piedm. N. Carol. : 50 (1948) [wfo-0001093422]basionym Asarum lewisii Fernald Rhodora 45: 398 (1943) [wfo-0000550894] synonym Hexastylis pilosiflora H.L.Blomq. Castanea 10: 75 (1945) [wfo-0001094589] A. longerhizomatosum C.F.Liang & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 591 (1983) [wfo-0001094591] A. lutchuense (Honda) Koidz. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 137 (1941) [wfo-0000550898]basionym Heterotropa lutchuensis Honda Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 203 (1941) [wfo-0000721666] synonym Heterotropa lutchuensis Honda Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 203 (1941) [wfo-0000721666]homotypic Asarum lutchuense (Honda) Koidz. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 137 (1941) [wfo-0000550898] A. macranthum Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 114: t. 7022 (1888) [wfo-0000550900]homotypic Heterotropa macrantha (Hook.f.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 162 (1936) [wfo-0001094596] synonym Asarum albomaculatum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 139 (1915) [wfo-0000550760]homotypic Heterotropa albomaculata (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 158 (1936) [wfo-0001242408] synonym Asarum infrapurpureum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 146 (1915) [wfo-0000550876]homotypic Heterotropa infrapurpurea (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0001094595] synonym Asarum taitonense Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 148 (1915) [wfo-0000550985]homotypic Heterotropa taitoensis (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 165 (1936) [wfo-0001094594] synonym Heterotropa albomaculata (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 158 (1936) [wfo-0001242408]basionym Asarum albomaculatum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 139 (1915) [wfo-0000550760] synonym Heterotropa infrapurpurea (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 161 (1936) [wfo-0001094595]basionym Asarum infrapurpureum Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 146 (1915) [wfo-0000550876] synonym Heterotropa macrantha (Hook.f.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 162 (1936) [wfo-0001094596]basionym Asarum macranthum Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 114: t. 7022 (1888) [wfo-0000550900] synonym Heterotropa taitoensis (Hayata) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 165 (1936) [wfo-0001094594]basionym Asarum taitonense Hayata Icon. Pl. Formosan. 5: 148 (1915) [wfo-0000550985] A. magnificum Tsiang ex C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 593 (1983) [wfo-0000550906]homotypic Heterotropa magnifica (Tsiang ex C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 262 (1982) [wfo-0001225877] synonym Aristolochia magnificum Tsiang Fl. Hupeh. 1: 208, f. 208 1976 [wfo-0001225878] synonym Heterotropa magnifica (Tsiang ex C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 262 (1982) [wfo-0001225877]basionym Asarum magnificum Tsiang ex C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 593 (1983) [wfo-0000550906] A. magnificum var. dinghuense C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 596 (1983) [wfo-0001388374] A. majale T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57: 192 (2007) [wfo-0000506419] A. marmoratum Piper Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 99 (1916) [wfo-0000550909] A. maruyamae Yamaji & Ter.Nakam. J. Jap. Bot. 82: 89 (2007) [wfo-0000506420] A. maximum Hemsl. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 7: 422 (1890) [wfo-0000550910]homotypic Heterotropa maxima (Hemsl.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 262 (1982) [wfo-0000721667] synonym Heterotropa maxima (Hemsl.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 262 (1982) [wfo-0000721667]basionym Asarum maximum Hemsl. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 7: 422 (1890) [wfo-0000550910] A. megacalyx (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 383 (2006) [wfo-0000506421]basionym Heterotropa megacalyx F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 10: 358 (1934) [wfo-0000721668] synonym Heterotropa megacalyx F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 10: 358 (1934) [wfo-0000721668]homotypic Asarum megacalyx (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 383 (2006) [wfo-0000506421] A. mikuniense Yamaji & Ter.Nakam. J. Jap. Bot. 82: 101 (2007) [wfo-0000506422] A. minamitanianum Hatus. J. Geobot. 18: 38 (1970) [wfo-0000550915]homotypic Heterotropa minamitaniana (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 59 (1989) [wfo-0000721669] synonym Heterotropa minamitaniana (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 59 (1989) [wfo-0000721669]basionym Asarum minamitanianum Hatus. J. Geobot. 18: 38 (1970) [wfo-0000550915] A. minus Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 33 (1897) [wfo-0000550916]homotypic Hexastylis minor (Ashe) Blomq. Brittonia 8: 275 (1957) [wfo-0001093716] synonym Asarum naniflorum (H.L.Blomq.) Sinn Amer. J. Bot. 102: 779 (2015) [wfo-1200093924]basionym Hexastylis naniflora H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 280 (1957) [wfo-0001093707] synonym Hexastylis minor (Ashe) Blomq. Brittonia 8: 275 (1957) [wfo-0001093716]basionym Asarum minus Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 33 (1897) [wfo-0000550916] synonym Hexastylis naniflora H.L.Blomq. Brittonia 8: 280 (1957) [wfo-0001093707]homotypic Asarum naniflorum (H.L.Blomq.) Sinn Amer. J. Bot. 102: 779 (2015) [wfo-1200093924] A. misandrum B.U.Oh & J.G.Kim Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 27: 493 (1997) [wfo-0000550920]homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. misandrum (B.U.Oh & J.G.Kim) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 17 (2000) [wfo-0000550968] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. misandrum (B.U.Oh & J.G.Kim) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 17 (2000) [wfo-0000550968]basionym Asarum misandrum B.U.Oh & J.G.Kim Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 27: 493 (1997) [wfo-0000550920] A. mitoanum T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 47: 136 (1996 publ. 1997) [wfo-0000550921] A. monodoriflorum Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 72 (1989) [wfo-0000550922] A. muramatsui Makino J. Jap. Bot. 4: 11 (1927) [wfo-0000550923]homotypic Heterotropa muramatsui (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 101 (1933) [wfo-0001091892] synonym Heterotropa muramatsui (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 101 (1933) [wfo-0001091892]basionym Asarum muramatsui Makino J. Jap. Bot. 4: 11 (1927) [wfo-0000550923] synonym Heterotropa muramatsui var. shimodana F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 55: 131 (1980) [wfo-0001400832] A. nanchuanense C.S.Yang & J.L.Wu J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 591 (1983) [wfo-0000550925] A. nazeanum T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 62: 66 (2012) [wfo-1000061278] A. nipponicum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570 (1932) [wfo-0000550927]homotypic Asarum kooyanum var. nipponicum (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550882] homotypic Heterotropa nipponica (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 44 (1933) [wfo-0000721674] synonym Asarum kooyanum var. nipponicum (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550882]basionym Asarum nipponicum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570 (1932) [wfo-0000550927] homotypic Heterotropa nipponica (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 44 (1933) [wfo-0000721674] synonym Heterotropa nipponica (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 44 (1933) [wfo-0000721674]basionym Asarum nipponicum F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 570 (1932) [wfo-0000550927] homotypic Asarum kooyanum var. nipponicum (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550882] A. nipponicum var. nankaiense (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 383 (2006) [wfo-0001382967]basionym Asarum nankaiense F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 572 (1932) [wfo-0000550926] homotypic Heterotropa nankaiensis (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721673] synonym Asarum nankaiense F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 572 (1932) [wfo-0000550926]homotypic Asarum nipponicum var. nankaiense (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 383 (2006) [wfo-0001382967] homotypic Heterotropa nankaiensis (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721673] synonym Heterotropa nankaiensis (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 163 (1936) [wfo-0000721673]basionym Asarum nankaiense F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 572 (1932) [wfo-0000550926] homotypic Asarum nipponicum var. nankaiense (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 383 (2006) [wfo-0001382967] A. nipponicum var. nipponicum Unknown [wfo-1200093912]synonym Asarum blumei var. albidonebulosum Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 338 (1914) [wfo-0000550773] synonym Asarum blumei var. albivenium Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 338 (1914) [wfo-0000550774] synonym Asarum blumei var. viride Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 338 (1914) [wfo-0000550775] A. nobilissimum Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 56 (1985) [wfo-0000550928] A. okinawense Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 430 (1968) [wfo-0000550933]homotypic Heterotropa okinawensis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721676] synonym Heterotropa okinawensis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721676]basionym Asarum okinawense Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 430 (1968) [wfo-0000550933] A. parviflorum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866: 89 (1867) [wfo-0000550934]homotypic Heterotropa parviflora Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 89: t. 5380 (1863) [wfo-0001270276] synonym Asarum elegans Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 426 (1864) [wfo-0000550826] synonym Heterotropa parviflora Hook.f. Bot. Mag. 89: t. 5380 (1863) [wfo-0001270276]basionym Asarum parviflorum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866: 89 (1867) [wfo-0000550934] A. pellucidum Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 5 (1988) [wfo-0000550937] A. petelotii O.C.Schmidt Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 100 (1931) [wfo-0000550938] A. porphyronotum C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 586 (1983) [wfo-0000550940]A. porphyronotum var. atrovirens C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 586 (1983) [wfo-0001388375] A. pubitessellatum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 54-28: 2 (2013) [wfo-0001340717] A. pulchellum Hemsl. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 7: 422 (1890) [wfo-0000550942]homotypic Geotaenium pulchellum (Hemsl.) F.Maek. Proc. Pacific Sci. Congr. 5: 217 1953 [wfo-0001261726] synonym Asarum caulescens var. setchuenense Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 302 (1898) [wfo-0000550801] synonym Geotaenium pulchellum (Hemsl.) F.Maek. Proc. Pacific Sci. Congr. 5: 217 1953 [wfo-0001261726]basionym Asarum pulchellum Hemsl. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 7: 422 (1890) [wfo-0000550942] A. reflexum E.P.Bicknell Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 533 (1897) [wfo-0000550943]homotypic Asarum canadense var. reflexum (E.P.Bicknell) B.L.Rob. Rhodora 10: 32 (1908) [wfo-0000550786] synonym Asarum ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 1(2): 128 (1907) [wfo-0000550762]basionym Asarum reflexum var. ambiguum E.P.Bicknell Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 535 (1897) [wfo-0000550944] homotypic Asarum canadense var. ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 173 (1918) [wfo-0000550782] synonym Asarum canadense var. ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 173 (1918) [wfo-0000550782]basionym Asarum reflexum var. ambiguum E.P.Bicknell Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 535 (1897) [wfo-0000550944] homotypic Asarum ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 1(2): 128 (1907) [wfo-0000550762] synonym Asarum canadense var. reflexum (E.P.Bicknell) B.L.Rob. Rhodora 10: 32 (1908) [wfo-0000550786]basionym Asarum reflexum E.P.Bicknell Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 533 (1897) [wfo-0000550943] synonym Asarum reflexum var. ambiguum E.P.Bicknell Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 535 (1897) [wfo-0000550944]homotypic Asarum ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 1(2): 128 (1907) [wfo-0000550762] homotypic Asarum canadense var. ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 173 (1918) [wfo-0000550782] A. renicordatum C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 569 (1983) [wfo-0000550945] A. rigescens F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 571 (1932) [wfo-0000550950]homotypic Asarum kooyanum var. rigescens (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550883] homotypic Heterotropa rigescens (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721679] synonym Asarum kooyanum var. rigescens (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550883]basionym Asarum rigescens F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 571 (1932) [wfo-0000550950] homotypic Heterotropa rigescens (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721679] synonym Heterotropa rigescens (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721679]basionym Asarum rigescens F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 571 (1932) [wfo-0000550950] homotypic Asarum kooyanum var. rigescens (F.Maek.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550883] A. rigescens var. brachypodion T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 384 (2006) [wfo-0001382968] A. rigescens var. rigescens Unknown [wfo-1200093913]synonym Heterotropa albescens (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) Akasawa Phytotax. Rep. Akasawa Bot. Lab. 1(1): 3 (1987) [wfo-0001259348]basionym Heterotropa rigescens var. albescens F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 12 (1985) [wfo-0001259347] synonym Heterotropa rigescens var. albescens F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 12 (1985) [wfo-0001259347]homotypic Heterotropa albescens (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) Akasawa Phytotax. Rep. Akasawa Bot. Lab. 1(1): 3 (1987) [wfo-0001259348] A. robilissimum Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5(1): 56 (1985) [wfo-0000550951] A. rosei Sinn Phytotaxa 319: 298 (2017) [wfo-0001330912]homotypic Hexastylis rosei (Sinn) Weakley & D.B.Poind. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14: 202 (2020) [wfo-1000023142] synonym Hexastylis rosei (Sinn) Weakley & D.B.Poind. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14: 202 (2020) [wfo-1000023142] A. sagittarioides C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 23 (1975) [wfo-0000550956] A. sakawanum Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 260 (1895) [wfo-0000550957]homotypic Heterotropa sakawana (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 174 (1933) [wfo-0001093398] synonym Heterotropa sakawana (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 174 (1933) [wfo-0001093398]basionym Asarum sakawanum Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 260 (1895) [wfo-0000550957] A. sakawanum var. stellatum (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 373 (2006) [wfo-0000506423]basionym Heterotropa sakawana var. stellata F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 13 (1985) [wfo-0000721680] synonym Heterotropa sakawana var. stellata F.Maek. ex Akasawa Bull. Kochi Women's Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 33: 13 (1985) [wfo-0000721680]homotypic Asarum sakawanum var. stellatum (F.Maek. ex Akasawa) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 373 (2006) [wfo-0000506423] A. satsumense F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 580 (1932) [wfo-0000550958]homotypic Heterotropa satsumensis (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 96 (1933) [wfo-0001270249] synonym Heterotropa satsumensis (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 96 (1933) [wfo-0001270249]basionym Asarum satsumense F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 580 (1932) [wfo-0000550958] A. savatieri Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 307 (1898) [wfo-0000550959]homotypic Heterotropa savatieri (Franch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 241 (1933) [wfo-0000721681] synonym Heterotropa savatieri (Franch.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 241 (1933) [wfo-0000721681]basionym Asarum savatieri Franch. J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 307 (1898) [wfo-0000550959] A. savatieri var. iseanum T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0001382966] A. savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0000506425]basionym Asarum pseudosavatieri F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 582 (1932) [wfo-0000550941] homotypic Asarum savatieri var. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-1200094281] homotypic Heterotropa pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721678] homotypic Heterotropa savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 208 (1985) [wfo-0001365541] synonym Asarum pseudosavatieri F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 582 (1932) [wfo-0000550941]homotypic Asarum savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0000506425] homotypic Asarum savatieri var. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-1200094281] homotypic Heterotropa pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721678] homotypic Heterotropa savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 208 (1985) [wfo-0001365541] synonym Asarum savatieri var. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-1200094281]basionym Asarum pseudosavatieri F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 582 (1932) [wfo-0000550941] homotypic Asarum savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0000506425] homotypic Heterotropa pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721678] homotypic Heterotropa savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 208 (1985) [wfo-0001365541] synonym Heterotropa pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721678]basionym Asarum pseudosavatieri F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 582 (1932) [wfo-0000550941] homotypic Asarum savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0000506425] homotypic Asarum savatieri var. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-1200094281] homotypic Heterotropa savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 208 (1985) [wfo-0001365541] synonym Heterotropa savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. J. Jap. Bot. 60: 208 (1985) [wfo-0001365541]basionym Asarum pseudosavatieri F.Maek. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 582 (1932) [wfo-0000550941] homotypic Asarum savatieri subsp. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-0000506425] homotypic Asarum savatieri var. pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 382 (2006) [wfo-1200094281] homotypic Heterotropa pseudosavatieri (F.Maek.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 164 (1936) [wfo-0000721678] A. senkakuinsulare Hatus. J. Geobot. 24: 40 (1976) [wfo-0000550961]homotypic Heterotropa senkakuinsularis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721682] synonym Heterotropa senkakuinsularis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721682]basionym Asarum senkakuinsulare Hatus. J. Geobot. 24: 40 (1976) [wfo-0000550961] A. shuttleworthii Britten & Baker f. J. Bot. 36: 98 (1898) [wfo-0000550962]homotypic Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker f.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 347 (1901) [wfo-0001093624] synonym Asarum grandiflorum (Michx. ex Duch.) Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 150 (1894) [wfo-0000550849]basionym Asarum virginicum var. grandiflorum Michx. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 426 (1864) [wfo-0000551005] homotypic Asarum macranthum Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 136 (1894) [wfo-1000061300] synonym Asarum macranthum Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 136 (1894) [wfo-1000061300]basionym Asarum virginicum var. grandiflorum Michx. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 426 (1864) [wfo-0000551005] homotypic Asarum grandiflorum (Michx. ex Duch.) Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 150 (1894) [wfo-0000550849] synonym Asarum virginicum var. grandiflorum Michx. ex Duch. Prodr. 15(1): 426 (1864) [wfo-0000551005]homotypic Asarum grandiflorum (Michx. ex Duch.) Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 150 (1894) [wfo-0000550849] homotypic Asarum macranthum Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 136 (1894) [wfo-1000061300] synonym Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker f.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 347 (1901) [wfo-0001093624]basionym Asarum shuttleworthii Britten & Baker f. J. Bot. 36: 98 (1898) [wfo-0000550962] A. sieboldii Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 134 (1865) [wfo-0000550963]homotypic Asiasarum sieboldii (Miq.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 22 (1936) [wfo-0000551984] synonym Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000). [wfo-0000550999]basionym Asiasarum sieboldii var. versicolor Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 1 (1996) [wfo-0000551986] homotypic Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 59 (2017) [wfo-1000061303] synonym Asiasarum sieboldii (Miq.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 22 (1936) [wfo-0000551984]basionym Asarum sieboldii Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 134 (1865) [wfo-0000550963] A. sieboldii var. dimidiatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 372 (2006) [wfo-0000506426]basionym Asarum dimidiatum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000550823] homotypic Asiasarum dimidiatum (F.Maek.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 22 (1936) [wfo-0000551978] synonym Asarum dimidiatum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000550823]homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. dimidiatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 372 (2006) [wfo-0000506426] homotypic Asiasarum dimidiatum (F.Maek.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 22 (1936) [wfo-0000551978] synonym Asiasarum dimidiatum (F.Maek.) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 22 (1936) [wfo-0000551978]basionym Asarum dimidiatum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 28 (1936) [wfo-0000550823] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. dimidiatum (F.Maek.) T.Sugaw. Fl. Japan 2a: 372 (2006) [wfo-0000506426] A. sieboldii f. koreanum (J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000) [wfo-0001320813]basionym Asiasarum koreanum J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 342 (1996) [wfo-0000551981] synonym Asiasarum koreanum J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 342 (1996) [wfo-0000551981]homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. koreanum (J.G.Kim & C.S.Yook) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000) [wfo-0001320813] A. sieboldii f. maculatum (Nakai) Yamaji Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 55: 205 (2004) [wfo-0000550965]basionym Asarum maculatum Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550901] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. maculatum (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-1200093920] homotypic Asiasarum maculatum (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000551982] synonym Asarum maculatum Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550901]homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. maculatum (Nakai) Yamaji Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 55: 205 (2004) [wfo-0000550965] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. maculatum (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-1200093920] homotypic Asiasarum maculatum (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000551982] synonym Asarum maculatum f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 291 (2004) [wfo-1200093921]basionym Asarum maculatum var. non-maculatum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 21 (2000) [wfo-0000550902] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093887] synonym Asarum maculatum var. non-maculatum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 21 (2000) [wfo-0000550902]homotypic Asarum maculatum f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 291 (2004) [wfo-1200093921] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093887] synonym Asarum maculatum f. viride Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 21 (2000) [wfo-0000550903] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. maculatum (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-1200093920]basionym Asarum maculatum Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550901] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. maculatum (Nakai) Yamaji Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 55: 205 (2004) [wfo-0000550965] homotypic Asiasarum maculatum (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000551982] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093887]basionym Asarum maculatum var. non-maculatum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 21 (2000) [wfo-0000550902] homotypic Asarum maculatum f. non-maculatum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 291 (2004) [wfo-1200093921] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 58 (2017) [wfo-1200094282]basionym Asarum sonunsanense Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 6 (2005) [wfo-0000550975] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 135 (2008) [wfo-0000508428] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 135 (2008) [wfo-0000508428]basionym Asarum sonunsanense Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 6 (2005) [wfo-0000550975] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 58 (2017) [wfo-1200094282] synonym Asarum sonunsanense Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 6 (2005) [wfo-0000550975]homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 38: 135 (2008) [wfo-0000508428] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. sonunsanense (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 58 (2017) [wfo-1200094282] synonym Asarum sonunsanense f. variegatum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 7 (2005) [wfo-0000550976] synonym Asarum sonunsanense f. viriluteolum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 8 (2005) [wfo-0000550977] synonym Asiasarum maculatum (Nakai) F.Maek. Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 18 (1936) [wfo-0000551982]basionym Asarum maculatum Nakai Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 267 (1914) [wfo-0000550901] homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. maculatum (Nakai) Yamaji Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 55: 205 (2004) [wfo-0000550965] homotypic Asarum sieboldii var. maculatum (Nakai) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 57 (2017) [wfo-1200093920] A. sieboldii var. sieboldii Unknown [wfo-1200093916]synonym Asarum sieboldii f. chungbuensis C.S.Yook & J.Kim Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 342 (1996) [wfo-0000550964] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. cornutum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000) [wfo-0001376394]homotypic Asarum sieboldii f. cornutum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 291 (2004) [wfo-0001325725] synonym Asarum sieboldii f. cornutum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 291 (2004) [wfo-0001325725]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. cornutum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000) [wfo-0001376394] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. versicolor Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 1 (1995) [wfo-0000550971] synonym Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 59 (2017) [wfo-1000061303]basionym Asiasarum sieboldii var. versicolor Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 1 (1996) [wfo-0000551986] homotypic Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000). [wfo-0000550999] synonym Asarum versicolor var. non-versicolor Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 20 (2000) [wfo-0000551001]homotypic Asarum versicolor f. non-versicolor (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093922] synonym Asarum versicolor f. non-versicolor (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim Korean Endemic Pl. : 514 (2017) [wfo-1200093922]basionym Asarum versicolor var. non-versicolor Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 20 (2000) [wfo-0000551001] synonym Asiasarum sieboldii f. chungbuensis C.S.Yook & J.G.Kim Korean J. Pharmacogn. 27: 343 (1996) [wfo-0000551985] synonym Asiasarum sieboldii var. versicolor Yamaki J. Jap. Bot. 71: 1 (1996) [wfo-0000551986]homotypic Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 1: 19 (2000). [wfo-0000550999] homotypic Asarum versicolor (Yamaki) M.Kim & S.So Korean Endemic Pl. : 59 (2017) [wfo-1000061303] A. simile Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 3 (1988) [wfo-0000550974] A. sorriei (Gaddy) Sinn Phytotaxa 224: 95 (2015) [wfo-1000041160]basionym Hexastylis sorriei Gaddy Phytoneuron 2011-47: 2 (2011) [wfo-0000748562] synonym Hexastylis sorriei Gaddy Phytoneuron 2011-47: 2 (2011) [wfo-0000748562]homotypic Asarum sorriei (Gaddy) Sinn Phytotaxa 224: 95 (2015) [wfo-1000041160] A. speciosum (R.M.Harper) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550979]basionym Hexastylis speciosa R.M.Harper Torreya 24: 80 (1924) [wfo-0001091785] synonym Hexastylis speciosa R.M.Harper Torreya 24: 80 (1924) [wfo-0001091785]homotypic Asarum speciosum (R.M.Harper) Barringer Novon 3: 226 (1993) [wfo-0000550979] A. splendens (F.Maek.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 180 (1988) [wfo-0000550980]basionym Heterotropa splendens F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 261 (1982) [wfo-0001094593] synonym Asarum chingchengense C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64: 583 (1983) [wfo-0000550808] synonym Heterotropa splendens F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 57: 261 (1982) [wfo-0001094593]homotypic Asarum splendens (F.Maek.) C.Y.Chen & C.S.Yang Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 24: 180 (1988) [wfo-0000550980] A. sprengeri Pamp. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 18: 113 (1911) [wfo-0000550981] A. subglobosum F.Maek. ex Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 37: 71 (1989) [wfo-0000550983] A. tabatanum T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 62: 67 (2012) [wfo-1000061279] A. taipingshanianum S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang Taiwania 40: 106 (1995) [wfo-0000550984] A. tamaense Makino J. Jap. Bot. 7: 19 (1931) [wfo-0000550988]homotypic Heterotropa muramatsui var. tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 55: 131 (1980) [wfo-0001386595] homotypic Heterotropa tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 97 (1933) [wfo-0001091906] synonym Heterotropa muramatsui var. tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 55: 131 (1980) [wfo-0001386595]basionym Asarum tamaense Makino J. Jap. Bot. 7: 19 (1931) [wfo-0000550988] homotypic Heterotropa tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 97 (1933) [wfo-0001091906] synonym Heterotropa tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 97 (1933) [wfo-0001091906]basionym Asarum tamaense Makino J. Jap. Bot. 7: 19 (1931) [wfo-0000550988] homotypic Heterotropa muramatsui var. tamaensis (Makino) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 55: 131 (1980) [wfo-0001386595] A. tawushanianum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 50: 230 (2009) [wfo-0000743325] A. tohokuense Yamaji & Ter.Nakam. J. Jap. Bot. 82: 98 (2007) [wfo-0000506427] A. tokarense Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 5 (1988) [wfo-0000550991] A. tongjiangense Z.L.Yang Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 52 (1985) [wfo-0000550992] A. trigynum (F.Maek.) Araki Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 128 (1937) [wfo-0000550993]basionym Heterotropa trigyna F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 30 (1936) [wfo-0000721687] synonym Heterotropa trigyna F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 30 (1936) [wfo-0000721687]homotypic Asarum trigynum (F.Maek.) Araki Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 128 (1937) [wfo-0000550993] A. trinacriforme Hatus. & Yamahata J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 4 (1988) [wfo-0000550994] A. tungyanshanianum S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 5: 166 (2022) [wfo-1000041724] A. unzen (F.Maek.) Kitam. & Murata Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550996]basionym Heterotropa unzen F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 27: 326 (1952) [wfo-0000721689] synonym Asarum unzen f. luteoviride Yonek. & H.Ohashi J. Jap. Bot. 72: 309 (1997) [wfo-0000550997] synonym Heterotropa unzen F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 27: 326 (1952) [wfo-0000721689]homotypic Asarum unzen (F.Maek.) Kitam. & Murata Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 207 (1962) [wfo-0000550996] A. villisepalum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 50: 237 (2009) [wfo-0000743326] A. virginicum L. Sp. Pl. : 442 (1753) [wfo-0000551004]homotypic Heterotropa virginica (L.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721692] homotypic Hexastylis virginica (L.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093430] synonym Asarum grandiflorum Klotzsch Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 586 (1859) [wfo-0000550848] synonym Asarum macanthum Small Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 136 (1894) [wfo-0000550899] synonym Asarum maculosum Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 7 (1812) [wfo-0000550904] synonym Asarum memmingeri Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 34 (1897) [wfo-0000550913]homotypic Hexastylis memmingeri Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093667] synonym Asarum virginianum Crantz Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 134 (1766) [wfo-0000551003] synonym Heterotropa virginica (L.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721692]homotypic Hexastylis virginica (L.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093430] synonym Hexastylis memmingeri Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093667]basionym Asarum memmingeri Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 14: 34 (1897) [wfo-0000550913] synonym Hexastylis virginica (L.) Small Man. Fl. N. States : 348 (1901) [wfo-0001093430]homotypic Heterotropa virginica (L.) A.Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 19 (1841) [wfo-0000721692] A. viridiflorum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1869: 83 (1869) [wfo-0000551006]homotypic Heterotropa viridiflora (Regel) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0001272441] synonym Heterotropa viridiflora (Regel) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 12: 35 (1936) [wfo-0001272441]basionym Asarum viridiflorum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1869: 83 (1869) [wfo-0000551006] A. wagneri K.L.Lu & M.R.Mesler Brittonia 35: 331 (1983) [wfo-0000551007]basionym Asarum caudatum var. viridiflorum M.Peck Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 185 (1934) [wfo-0000550793] synonym Asarum caudatum var. viridiflorum M.Peck Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 185 (1934) [wfo-0000550793]homotypic Asarum wagneri K.L.Lu & M.R.Mesler Brittonia 35: 331 (1983) [wfo-0000551007] A. wannanense Lu Q.Huang & H.S.Peng Phytotaxa 595(1): 116 2023 [wfo-1000048935] A. wulingense C.F.Liang Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 22 (1975) [wfo-0000551008] A. yaeyamense Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 429 (1968) [wfo-0000551010]homotypic Heterotropa yaeyamensis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721693] synonym Heterotropa yaeyamensis (Hatus.) F.Maek. ex Y.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 64: 60 (1989) [wfo-0000721693]basionym Asarum yaeyamense Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 429 (1968) [wfo-0000551010] A. yakusimense Masam. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 23: 207 (1933) [wfo-0000551012]homotypic Heterotropa yakusimensis (Masam.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 166 (1936) [wfo-0000721694] synonym Asarum hirsutisepalum Hatus. J. Jap. Bot. 43: 431 (1968) [wfo-0000550863] synonym Heterotropa yakusimensis (Masam.) F.Maek. ex Nemoto Fl. Japan, Suppl. : 166 (1936) [wfo-0000721694]basionym Asarum yakusimense Masam. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 23: 207 (1933) [wfo-0000551012] A. yentuense N.A.Tuan & Sasamoto Nordic J. Bot. 36(3)-e01586: 2 (2017) [wfo-1000061294] A. yeonbyeonense M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 40: 257 (2010) [wfo-1000036011]A. yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 40: 259 (2010) [wfo-1200010451]basionym Asarum sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 10 (2005) [wfo-0000550973] synonym Asarum sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 10 (2005) [wfo-0000550973]homotypic Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y.N.Lee) M.Kim & S.So Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 40: 259 (2010) [wfo-1200010451] A. yoshikawae T.Sugaw. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 14 (1998) [wfo-0000551014] A. yunnanense T.Sugaw., Ogisu & C.Y.Cheng Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41: 8 (1990) [wfo-0000551016] Asarum: Unplaced Names
valid Asarum variegatum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1861(App.): 12 (1862) [wfo-0000550998] valid Asarum grandifolium G.Don Hort. Brit. : 187 (1830) [wfo-0000550851] unknown Asarum japonicum Paxton Paxton's Mag. Bot. 5: 93. 1838 [wfo-1000038210] valid Asarum kurokawanum Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 19 (1932) [wfo-0000550885] valid Asarum mexicanum Sessé & Moc. Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1(App.): 93 (1889) [wfo-0000550914] unknown Asarum oblongum (F.Maek.) F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 1933, ix. 370, in syn.; O. C. Schmidt in Engl. & Prantl,Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, xvi b. 231 (1935). [wfo-0000550931] deprecated Asarum ser. Achidasarum (Duchartre) C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 577. 1983 [wfo-2800003015] deprecated Asarum sect. Brevituba C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 571. 1983 [wfo-3400007965] deprecated Asarum ser. Calidasarum (Araki) C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 568. 1983 [wfo-2800003016] deprecated Asarum ser. Canadensia Teplyak. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(8): 1056. 1985 [wfo-2800002879] valid Asarum costatum Maekawa ex Nemoto Fl. Jap. Suppl. 159 (1936), in syn. [wfo-0000550812] valid Asarum dilatatum F.Maek. J. Jap. Bot. 9: 508 1933 [wfo-0000550822] valid Asarum finzelii (B.R.Keener) Diamond J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(2): 428 2023 [wfo-1000058765] valid Asarum grandiflorum Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 145 (1840) [wfo-0000550847] deprecated Asarum ser. Himalaica Teplyak. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(8): 1056. 1985 [wfo-2800002880] unknown Asarum intermedium Y.N.Lee Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 5 (2005) [wfo-0000550879] deprecated Asarum ser. Japonasarum (Nakai) C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 569. 1983 [wfo-2800003017] deprecated Asarum sect. Longiflora C.Y.Cheng & C.S.Yang J. Arnold Arbor. 64(4): 593. 1983 [wfo-3400007966] deprecated Asarum sect. Reflexasarum Teplyak. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(8): 1056. 1985 [wfo-3400008123] deprecated Asarum subg. Reflexasarum Teplyak. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(8): 1055. 1985 [wfo-3500002141] valid Asarum rollinsiae (B.R.Keener & Todia) Diamond J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(2): 428 2023 [wfo-1000058766] valid Asarum senmuense S.S.Ying New Taxa New Names 8: 77 (2025) [wfo-1000086625]